{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T18:59:21Z","timestamp":1769194761342,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/21972-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/21972-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/07436-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/07436-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/21972-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/21972-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/07436-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/07436-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrical distribution companies have been investing in modernizing their structures, especially operation automation. The integration of information technologies and communications makes fast power restoration during fault events, providing better profit to companies and a more reliable and safe distribution network for customers. A self-healing strategy can be implemented for protection and control devices to work cooperatively, achieving the global purpose of automatic distribution system restoration. Thus, this work proposes a methodology for short-circuit fault detection, isolation of the faulted section, and restoration of downstream sections using neighbor feeders. The protection devices use standardized IEC and ANSI\/IEEE functions to sensitize faults in the system and to promote adequate isolation, allowing the consequent restorative process. A genetic algorithm optimizes the devices\u2019 parameters used in the protection scheme, making fastest the isolation process and ensuring the protection system coordination and selectivity. Results obtained using Simulink\u00ae allows for verifying the proposed methodology\u2019s behavior and efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en16165890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T10:30:48Z","timestamp":1691577048000},"page":"5890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Self-Healing Strategy for Modern Distribution Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6718-396X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cleberton","family":"Reiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, S\u00e3o Paulo 15385-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Caio E. M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, S\u00e3o Paulo 15385-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1204-7178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonatas B.","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, S\u00e3o Paulo 15385-000, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muqeet, H.A., Liaqat, R., Jamil, M., and Khan, A.A. (2023). A State-of-the-Art Review of Smart Energy Systems and Their Management in a Smart Grid Environment. Energies, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/en16010472"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.3010570","article-title":"Networked Microgrids for Grid Resilience, Robustness, and Efficiency: A Review","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2018.11.009","article-title":"Optimal energy management and control aspects of distributed microgrid using multi-agent systems","volume":"44","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2019.2932009","article-title":"A Full Decentralized Multi-Agent Service Restoration for Distribution Network with DGs","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2018.2845695","article-title":"Distributed intelligent system for self-healing in smart grids","volume":"33","author":"Torres","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2020.106335","article-title":"Two-stage multi-fault emergency rush repair and restoration robust strategy in distribution networks","volume":"184","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2016.2518128","article-title":"Development of a Self-Healing Strategy with Multiagent Systems for Distribution Networks","volume":"8","author":"Leite","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atteya, A.I., Zonkoly, A.M.E., and Ashour, H.A. (2017, January 19\u201321). Optimal relay coordination of an adaptive protection scheme using modified PSO algorithm. Proceedings of the 2017 19th International Middle-East Power Systems Conference, MEPCON 2017\u2014Proceedings, Cairo, Egypt.","DOI":"10.1109\/MEPCON.2017.8301256"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arefifar, S.A., Alam, M.S., and Hamadi, A. (2023). A Review on Self-healing in Modern Power Distribution Systems. J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy, 1\u201316.","DOI":"10.35833\/MPCE.2022.000032"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2018). Standard for Inverse\u2014Time Characteristics Equations for Overcurrent Relays (Standard No. Standard C37.112)."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"(2009). Measuring Relays and Protection Equipment\u2014Part 151: Functional Requirements for Over\/Under Current Protection (Standard No. Standard 60255-151)."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malik, H., Iqbal, A., Joshi, P., Agrawal, S., and Bakhsh, F.I. (2021). Metaheuristic and Evolutionary Computation: Algorithms and Applications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-7571-6"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kramer, O. (2017). Genetic Algorithms, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-52156-5"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1109\/TLA.2015.7350048","article-title":"Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Directional and Distance Relays in Meshed Networks Using Genetic Algorithm","volume":"13","author":"Marcolino","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Lat. Am. Trans."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99584","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3203713","article-title":"Optimal Coordination of Protection Devices in Distribution Networks with Distributed Energy Resources and Microgrids","volume":"10","author":"Reiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"(2023, March 27). Laboratory of Electrical Power System Planning\u2014LAPSEE, \u201cDistribution Test System\u2014363 Buses\u201d. Available online: http:\/\/www.feis.unesp.br\/Home\/departamentos\/engenhariaeletrica\/lapsee807\/home\/distribution_network_363_lines.rar."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kezunovic, M., Ren, J., and Lotfifard, S. (2016). Design, Modeling and Evaluation of Protective Relays for Power Systems, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20919-7"}],"container-title":["Energies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/16\/16\/5890\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:29:39Z","timestamp":1760128179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/16\/16\/5890"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["en16165890"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en16165890","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]}}}