{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T06:44:43Z","timestamp":1769928283547,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["950-230672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["950-230672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00308\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00308\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology project","award":["950-230672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["950-230672"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology project","award":["UIDB\/00308\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00308\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electric vehicles (EVs) have been regarded as one of the promising alternatives to zero-emission transportation. New EV registrations have increased as a result of government policies and consumers\u2019 awareness of climate change. Moreover, EV technology is being improved through ongoing research and development efforts. Among these, a powertrain with a combination of two electric motors has been proposed for high driving and efficiency performance. The study presents a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of architectures and energy distribution for a dual-motor equipped with dual-source EV system. In detail, various dual-motor configurations, and energy management strategies (EMSs) used in the literature are investigated and categorized. A comparison of the benefits and drawbacks of existing topologies and the EMSs of hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) is also discussed. Following that, research gaps have been considered. This study can be used as a reference for researchers who are interested in the design and optimal control of the dual-motor dual-source EVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en16207048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T03:14:32Z","timestamp":1697080472000},"page":"7048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dual-Motor Dual-Source High Performance EV: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chi T. P.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"e-TESC Laboratory, D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9nie \u00c9lectrique et de G\u00e9nie Informatique, Facult\u00e9 de G\u00e9nie, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Thainguyen University of Technology, Thainguyen 250000, Vietnam"}]},{"given":"B\u1ea3o-Huy","family":"Nguy\u1ec5n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CTI Laboratory, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3203-979X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minh C.","family":"Ta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e-TESC Laboratory, D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9nie \u00c9lectrique et de G\u00e9nie Informatique, Facult\u00e9 de G\u00e9nie, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"},{"name":"CTI Laboratory, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0795-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro F.","family":"Trov\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e-TESC Laboratory, D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9nie \u00c9lectrique et de G\u00e9nie Informatique, Facult\u00e9 de G\u00e9nie, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"},{"name":"IPC-ISEC and INESC Coimbra, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, September 10). 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