{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:28:57Z","timestamp":1777652937039,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT) Portugal","award":["2020.06312.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.06312.BD"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT) Portugal","award":["UIDB\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT) Portugal","award":["UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Universapulsar LDA","award":["2020.06312.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.06312.BD"]}]},{"name":"Universapulsar LDA","award":["UIDB\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Universapulsar LDA","award":["UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["2020.06312.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.06312.BD"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDB\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04683\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) system is one of the most emerging and energy-efficient technologies in the area of solar energy engineering. This review paper provides a comprehensive review of hybrid PVT systems in the context of the history of PVT, general classification, and parameter analysis. Several cell technologies with spectrum analysis are discussed to understand the application\u2019s ability and energy efficiency. Hybrid PVT concept, characteristics, and structure analysis is also discussed in this study. An extensive analysis on the classifications of hybrid PVT systems from the recent literature is also presented here. These literatures are identified based on several criteria. In order to provide a complete and energy-efficient technology, an innovative classification of the hybrid PVT system is proposed in this paper. This proposed classification is a combination and upgrade of various existing classifications mentioned in recent research studies. Parameters have a significant and unavoidable impact on the performance and efficiency of the hybrid PVT system. A brief analysis of different parameters and the optimization of the system is conducted after reviewing recent research articles. This analysis provides insights into the impact of parameter variations on the system. A novel parameter model comprising parametric and optimistic analyses is also presented in this paper. It provides a detailed parametric description that significantly affects the performance and efficiency of the hybrid PVT system. Finally, the assessment focuses on a critical analysis of the main challenges in adopting PVT technology and suggests ways to overcome these barriers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en17030588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T10:32:38Z","timestamp":1706178758000},"page":"588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Classification and Parametric Analysis of Solar Hybrid PVT System: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Md","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instrumentation and Control Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Evora, 7000-671 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1367-1383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masud","family":"Rashel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instrumentation and Control Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Evora, 7000-671 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3270-8877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmudul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA"}]},{"given":"Mouhaydine","family":"Tlemcani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instrumentation and Control Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Evora, 7000-671 Evora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1269","article-title":"A review of photovoltaic thermal systems: Achievements and applications","volume":"45","author":"Kazem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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