{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T13:07:34Z","timestamp":1769346454872,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"PORTOS\u2014Ports Towards Energy Self-Sufficiency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EAPA 784\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAPA 784\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"PORTOS\u2014Ports Towards Energy Self-Sufficiency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIIMAR SEED 2023-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIIMAR SEED 2023-24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"PORTOS\u2014Ports Towards Energy Self-Sufficiency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.04954.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.04954.CEECIND"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"PORTOS\u2014Ports Towards Energy Self-Sufficiency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/03665\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03665\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"PORTOS\u2014Ports Towards Energy Self-Sufficiency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.07420.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.07420.CEECIND"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"PORTOS\u2014Ports Towards Energy Self-Sufficiency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023.01289.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.01289.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"PORTOS\u2014Ports Towards Energy Self-Sufficiency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.07687.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.07687.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"PORTOS\u2014Ports Towards Energy Self-Sufficiency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"PORTOS\u2014Ports Towards Energy Self-Sufficiency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Interreg Atlantic Area Programme through the European Regional Development Fund, and the project RPWEC\u2014Reliable Pivoting Wave Energy Converter","award":["EAPA 784\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAPA 784\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Interreg Atlantic Area Programme through the European Regional Development Fund, and the project RPWEC\u2014Reliable Pivoting Wave Energy Converter","award":["CIIMAR SEED 2023-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIIMAR SEED 2023-24"]}]},{"name":"Interreg Atlantic Area Programme through the European Regional Development Fund, and the project RPWEC\u2014Reliable Pivoting Wave Energy Converter","award":["2022.04954.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.04954.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"Interreg Atlantic Area Programme through the European Regional Development Fund, and the project RPWEC\u2014Reliable Pivoting Wave Energy Converter","award":["CEECIND\/03665\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03665\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Interreg Atlantic Area Programme through the European Regional Development Fund, and the project RPWEC\u2014Reliable Pivoting Wave Energy Converter","award":["2022.07420.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.07420.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"Interreg Atlantic Area Programme through the European Regional Development Fund, and the project RPWEC\u2014Reliable Pivoting Wave Energy Converter","award":["2023.01289.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.01289.BD"]}]},{"name":"Interreg Atlantic Area Programme through the European Regional Development Fund, and the project RPWEC\u2014Reliable Pivoting Wave Energy Converter","award":["2021.07687.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.07687.BD"]}]},{"name":"Interreg Atlantic Area Programme through the European Regional Development Fund, and the project RPWEC\u2014Reliable Pivoting Wave Energy Converter","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Interreg Atlantic Area Programme through the European Regional Development Fund, and the project RPWEC\u2014Reliable Pivoting Wave Energy Converter","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Stimulus of Scientific Employment program of the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EAPA 784\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAPA 784\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Stimulus of Scientific Employment program of the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIIMAR SEED 2023-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIIMAR SEED 2023-24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Stimulus of Scientific Employment program of the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.04954.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.04954.CEECIND"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Stimulus of Scientific Employment program of the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/03665\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03665\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Stimulus of Scientific Employment program of the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.07420.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.07420.CEECIND"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Stimulus of Scientific Employment program of the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023.01289.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.01289.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Stimulus of Scientific Employment program of the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.07687.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.07687.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Stimulus of Scientific Employment program of the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Stimulus of Scientific Employment program of the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT PhD scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EAPA 784\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAPA 784\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT PhD scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIIMAR SEED 2023-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIIMAR SEED 2023-24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT PhD scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.04954.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.04954.CEECIND"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT PhD scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/03665\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03665\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT PhD scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.07420.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.07420.CEECIND"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT PhD scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023.01289.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.01289.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT PhD scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.07687.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.07687.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT PhD scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT PhD scholarship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"CIIMAR Strategic Funding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EAPA 784\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EAPA 784\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"CIIMAR Strategic Funding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIIMAR SEED 2023-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIIMAR SEED 2023-24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"CIIMAR Strategic Funding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.04954.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.04954.CEECIND"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"CIIMAR Strategic Funding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/03665\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03665\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"CIIMAR Strategic Funding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.07420.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.07420.CEECIND"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"CIIMAR Strategic Funding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023.01289.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.01289.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"CIIMAR Strategic Funding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.07687.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.07687.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"CIIMAR Strategic Funding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"CIIMAR Strategic Funding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Numerous offshore wave energy converter (WEC) designs have been invented; however, none has achieved full commercialization so far. The primary obstacle impeding WEC commercialization is the elevated levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Consequently, there exists a pressing need to innovate and swiftly diminish the LCOE. A critical challenge faced by WECs is their susceptibility to extreme wave loads during storms. Promising concepts must demonstrate robust design features to ensure resilience in adverse conditions, while maintaining efficiency in harnessing power under normal sea states. It is anticipated that the initial commercial endeavors will concentrate on near-shore WEC technologies due to the cost advantages associated with proximity to the coastline, facilitating more affordable power transmission and maintenance. In response, this manuscript proposes a pioneering near-shore WEC concept designed with a survivability mode that is engineered to mitigate wave loads during severe sea conditions. Moreover, prior investigations have highlighted favorable resonance properties of this novel concept, enhancing wave power extraction during recurrent energetic sea states. This study employs numerical and physical modelling techniques to evaluate wave loads on the proposed WEC. The results indicate a remarkable 65% reduction in wave loads on the moving floater of the WEC during a range of sea states under the implemented survivability mode.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en17112695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T05:58:00Z","timestamp":1717394280000},"page":"2695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["On the Development of a Near-Shore Pivoting Wave Energy Converter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0930-6658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianmaria","family":"Giannini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6867-5993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esmaeil","family":"Zavvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5507-0995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Calheiros-Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4900-135X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Taveira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3768-3314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Rosa-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2012.01.101","article-title":"Quantifying the global wave power resource","volume":"44","author":"Gunn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.03.114","article-title":"A global wave power resource and its seasonal, interannual and long-term variability","volume":"148","author":"Reguero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"IEA (2024, April 24). Energy Data Statisics from the International Energy Agency. Available online: https:\/\/www.iea.org\/data-and-statistics."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"OpenEI (2024, April 24). Marine Energy Projects Database. Wave Energy Projects. Available online: https:\/\/openei.org\/wiki\/PRIMRE\/Databases\/Projects_Database."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2023, January 20). Wave Star, A\/S. Available online: http:\/\/wavestarenergy.com\/."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apor.2020.102104","article-title":"The Pico OWC wave power plant: Its lifetime from conception to closure 1986\u20132018","volume":"98","author":"Falcao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Ocean Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2021.02.132","article-title":"Geometry assessment of a sloped type wave energy converter","volume":"171","author":"Giannini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2019.02.081","article-title":"The CECO wave energy converter: Recent developments","volume":"139","author":"Ramos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2015.06.012","article-title":"The modular concept of the Oscillating Wave Surge Converter","volume":"85","author":"Sarkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2023, June 16). AW-Energy. Available online: https:\/\/aw-energy.com\/waveroller\/."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henry, A., Power, U.A., Doherty, K., Cameron, L., Doherty, R., and Whittaker, T. (2010, January 21\u201323). Advances in the Design of the Oyster Wave Energy Converter. Proceedings of the RINA Marine and Offshore Energy Conference, London, UK.","DOI":"10.3940\/rina.mre.2010.14"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2015.10.003","article-title":"Wave energy conversion through a point pivoted absorber: Numerical and experimental tests on a scaled model","volume":"87","author":"Coiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"(2023, June 15). Eco-Wave-Power. Available online: https:\/\/www.ecowavepower.com\/."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Coiro, D.T.G., Calise, G., and Bizzarrini, N. (2015, January 15\u201317). Experimental test and numerical shape optimization of a point pivoted absorber for wave energy conversion. Proceedings of the VI International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering MARINE, Rome, Italy."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"WAMIT (2024, April 15). WAMIT\u00ae\u2014The State of Art in Wave Interaction Analysis. Available online: https:\/\/www.wamit.com\/."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"ANSYS (2019, November 29). Aqwa Theory Manual. Canonsburg. Available online: https:\/\/ansyshelp.ansys.com\/."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"DNV-GL (2021, January 10). SESAM DeepC Company Website. Available online: https:\/\/www.dnv.com\/."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Cummins, W.E. (1962). The impulse response function and ship motions. Schiffstechnic, 101\u2013109."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannini, G., Temiz, I., Rosa-Santos, P., Shahroozi, Z., Ramos, V., G\u00f6teman, M., Engstr\u00f6m, J., Day, S., and Taveira-Pinto, F. (2020). Wave Energy Converter Power Take-Off System Scaling and Physical Modelling. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse8090632"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannini, G., Day, S., Rosa-Santos, P., and Taveira-Pinto, F. (2021). A Novel 2-D Point Absorber Numerical Modelling Method. Inventions, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/inventions6040075"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beatty, S., Ferri, F., Bocking, B., Kofoed, J.P., and Buckham, B. (2017). Power Take-Off Simulation for Scale Model Testing of Wave Energy Converters. Energies, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/en10070973"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"061704","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4938179","article-title":"CECO wave energy converter: Experimental proof of concept","volume":"7","author":"Teixeira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Renew. Sustain. Energy"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marstruc.2012.10.002","article-title":"The new wave energy converter WaveCat: Concept and laboratory tests","volume":"29","author":"Fernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Struct."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Shi, G., Li, R., and Xiao, Q. (2019, January 13\u201315). Bio-inspired propulsion in ocean engineering: Learning from nature. Proceedings of the MARINE VIII: Proceedings of the VIII International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden. CIMNE."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Usta, O. (2021, January 16\u201318). Numerical investigation on the resistance characteristics of nature inspired underwater vehicles. Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Ship and Marine Technology, Istanbul, Turkey."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanco, J., Rodriguez, J.d.D., Couce, A., and Lamas, M.I. (2021). Proposal of a Nature-Inspired Shape for a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine and Comparison of Its Performance with a Semicircular Blade Profile. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11136198"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2022.123641","article-title":"Wave energy converters design combining hydrodynamic performance and structural assessment","volume":"249","author":"Giannini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marstruc.2018.06.016","article-title":"Effects of the PTO inclination on the performance of the CECO wave energy converter","volume":"61","author":"Ramos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Struct."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2017.05.066","article-title":"Numerical modelling of the CECO wave energy converter","volume":"113","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2016.11.121","article-title":"Influence of the power take-off characteristics on the performance of CECO wave energy converter","volume":"120","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2017.10.064","article-title":"Performance assessment of the CECO wave energy converter: Water depth influence","volume":"117","author":"Ramos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041903","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4043177","article-title":"Experimental Assessment of the Performance of CECO Wave Energy Converter in Irregular Waves","volume":"141","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2020.107046","article-title":"Hydrodynamic optimization of the geometry of a sloped-motion wave energy converter","volume":"199","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocean Eng."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannini, G., Rosa-Santos, P., Ramos, V., and Taveira-Pinto, F. (2020). On the Development of an Offshore Version of the CECO Wave Energy Converter. Energies, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/en13051036"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Payne, G. (2008). SUPERGEN Marine Project, University of Edinburgh."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Sayigh, A. (2012). Comprehensive Renewable Energy, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"QUALISYS (2024, April 28). Qualisys Motion Capture System. Available online: https:\/\/www.qualisys.com\/."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Hasselmann, K., Barnett, T.P., Bouws, E., Carlson, H., Cartwright, D.E., Enke, K., Ewing, J.A., Gienapp, H., Hasselmann, D.E., and Kruseman, P. (1973). Measurements of the Wind-Wave Growth and Swell Decay during the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP), Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut. Available online: https:\/\/repository.tudelft.nl\/islandora\/object\/uuid:f204e188-13b9-49d8-a6dc-4fb7c20562fc?collection=research."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Riefolo, L., Lanfredi, C., Azzellino, A., and Vicinanza, D. (October, January 28). Environmental Impact Assessment of Wave Energy Converters: A Review. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Coastal Research SCACR, Florence, Italy."}],"container-title":["Energies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/17\/11\/2695\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:52:27Z","timestamp":1760107947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/17\/11\/2695"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["en17112695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en17112695","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}}}