{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T17:54:07Z","timestamp":1776794047408,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]],"date-time":"2024-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/21972-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/21972-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/07436-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/07436-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/21972-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/21972-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/07436-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/07436-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The number of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to increase in the automobile market, driven by public policies since they contribute to the global decarbonization of the transportation sector. Still, the main challenge to increasing EV adoption is charging infrastructure. Therefore, the site selection of public EV charging stations should be made very carefully to maximize EV usage and address the population\u2019s range anxiety. Since electricity demand for charging EVs introduces new load shapes, the interrelationship between the location of charging stations and long-term electrical grid planning must be addressed. The selection of the most suitable site involves conflicting criteria, requiring the application of multi-criteria analysis. Thus, a geographic information system-based Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach is applied in this work to address the charging station site selection, where the demographic criteria and energy density are taken into account to formulate an EV increase model. Several methods, including Fuzzy TOPSIS, are applied to validate the selection of suitable sites. In this evaluation, the impact of the EV charging station on the substation capacity is assessed through a high EV penetration scenario. The proposed method is applied in Cuenca, Ecuador. Results show the effectiveness of MCDA in assessing the impact of charging stations on power distribution systems ensuring suitable system operation under substation capacity reserves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en17143452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T12:44:36Z","timestamp":1721047476000},"page":"3452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Suitable Site Selection of Public Charging Stations: A Fuzzy TOPSIS MCDA Framework on Capacity Substation Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8347-0208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilson Enrique","family":"Chumbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2014UNESP, Ilha Solteira 15385000, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6614-8044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Minga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering\u2013Research Group on Energy Transition (GITE), University Polytechnic Salesiana, Cuenca 010102, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3662-0220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Zambrano-Asanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Planning, Centrosur Electric Distribution Utility, Cuenca 010209, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1204-7178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonatas B.","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2014UNESP, Ilha Solteira 15385000, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7191-012X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Fredy","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2014UNESP, Ilha Solteira 15385000, SP, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UNFCCC (2015). 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