{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T21:27:16Z","timestamp":1767907636626,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]],"date-time":"2024-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Incentive System to Mobilizing Agendas for Business Innovation","award":["02\/C05-i01.02\/2022.PC644867037-00000013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/C05-i01.02\/2022.PC644867037-00000013"]}]},{"name":"Incentive System to Mobilizing Agendas for Business Innovation","award":["2023.15318.PEX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.15318.PEX"]}]},{"name":"Incentive System to Mobilizing Agendas for Business Innovation","award":["UIDB\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00151\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Incentive System to Mobilizing Agendas for Business Innovation","award":["UIDP\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00151\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["02\/C05-i01.02\/2022.PC644867037-00000013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/C05-i01.02\/2022.PC644867037-00000013"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2023.15318.PEX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.15318.PEX"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00151\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00151\/2020"]}]},{"name":"C-MAST (Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technology)","award":["02\/C05-i01.02\/2022.PC644867037-00000013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/C05-i01.02\/2022.PC644867037-00000013"]}]},{"name":"C-MAST (Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technology)","award":["2023.15318.PEX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.15318.PEX"]}]},{"name":"C-MAST (Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technology)","award":["UIDB\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00151\/2020"]}]},{"name":"C-MAST (Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technology)","award":["UIDP\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00151\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators have recently become desirable devices for simultaneous flow control and ice mitigation applications, with particular interest in wind turbines operating in cold climates. Considering the potential of plasma actuators for these specific applications, it is necessary to deeply understand the thermal effects generated by the plasma-induced flow to proceed with further optimizations. However, due to the local high electric field and high electromagnetic interference generated, there is a lack of experimental studies on the topic. The current work implements an in-house experimental technique based on the background-oriented schlieren principle for plasma-induced flow thermal characterization. Since this technique is based on optical measurements, it is not affected by the electromagnetic interference issues caused by the plasma discharge. A detailed experimental analysis is performed on a conventional Kapton actuator exploiting the relation between the actuator surface temperature and the induced thermal flow. The influence of the input voltage and the transient plasma-induced flow thermal behavior is analyzed. The results demonstrate that plasma actuators are fast response time devices that can heat the adjacent medium in less than a second after starting the operation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en17163974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T10:34:59Z","timestamp":1723458899000},"page":"3974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Characterization of Plasma-Induced Flow Thermal Effects for Wind Turbine Icing Mitigation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8904-607X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederico","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"C-MAST (Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C-MAST (Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7019-3766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"P\u00e1scoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C-MAST (Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.03.076","article-title":"A comparison study on the thermal effects in DBD plasma actuation and electrical heating for aircraft icing mitigation","volume":"124","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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