{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T23:52:56Z","timestamp":1769125976157,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]],"date-time":"2015-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/EEA-EEL\/122988\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EEA-EEL\/122988\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/EEA\/00760\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EEA\/00760\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/80632\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/80632\/2011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a decision support methodology for electricity market players\u2019 bilateral contract negotiations. The proposed model is based on the application of game theory, using artificial intelligence to enhance decision support method\u2019s adaptive features. This model is integrated in AiD-EM (Adaptive Decision Support for Electricity Markets Negotiations), a multi-agent system that provides electricity market players with strategic behavior capabilities to improve their outcomes from energy contracts\u2019 negotiations. Although a diversity of tools that enable the study and simulation of electricity markets has emerged during the past few years, these are mostly directed to the analysis of market models and power systems\u2019 technical constraints, making them suitable tools to support decisions of market operators and regulators. However, the equally important support of market negotiating players\u2019 decisions is being highly neglected. The proposed model contributes to overcome the existing gap concerning effective and realistic decision support for electricity market negotiating entities. The proposed method is validated by realistic electricity market simulations using real data from the Iberian market operator\u2014MIBEL. Results show that the proposed adaptive decision support features enable electricity market players to improve their outcomes from bilateral contracts\u2019 negotiations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en8099817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]],"date-time":"2015-09-09T13:16:18Z","timestamp":1441804578000},"page":"9817-9842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Decision Support for Energy Contracts Negotiation with Game Theory and Adaptive Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8248-080X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development (GECAD), Institute of Engineering of the Polytechnic of Porto (ISEP\/IPP), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, Porto 4200-072, Portugal"},{"name":"Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4560-9544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zita","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development (GECAD), Institute of Engineering of the Polytechnic of Porto (ISEP\/IPP), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, Porto 4200-072, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Pra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development (GECAD), Institute of Engineering of the Polytechnic of Porto (ISEP\/IPP), Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, Porto 4200-072, Portugal"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2967-627X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute (LNEG), Estrada do Paco do Lumiar, 22, Lisbon 1649-038, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2014.05.002","article-title":"Strategic bidding for wind power producers in electricity markets","volume":"86","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Convers. 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