{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T01:45:30Z","timestamp":1770515130732,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Atlantic Area Transnational Programme"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper establishes a general methodology to calculate the life-cycle cost of floating offshore renewable energy devices, applying it to wave energy and wind energy devices. It is accounts for the contributions of the six main phases of their life-cycle: concept definition, design and development, manufacturing, installation, exploitation and dismantling, the costs of which have been defined. Moreover, the energy produced is also taken into account to calculate the Levelized Cost of Energy of a floating offshore renewable energy farm. The methodology proposed has been applied to two renewable energy devices: a floating offshore wave energy device and a floating offshore wind energy device. Two locations have been considered: Agu\u00e7adoura and S\u00e3o Pedro de Moel, both in Portugal. Results indicate that the most important cost in terms of the life-cycle of a floating offshore renewable energy farm is the exploitation cost, followed by the manufacturing and the installation cost. In addition, the best area in terms of costs is the same independently of the type of floating offshore renewable energy considered: Agu\u00e7adoura. However, the results in terms of Levelized Cost of Energy are different: Agu\u00e7adoura is better when considering wave energy technology and the S\u00e3o Pedro de Moel region is the best option when considering floating wind energy technology. The method proposed aims to give a direct approach to calculate the main life-cycle cost of a floating offshore renewable energy farm. It helps to assess its feasibility and evaluating the relevant characteristics that influence it the most.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en9050324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T10:25:55Z","timestamp":1461839155000},"page":"324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Methodology to Calculate the Costs of a Floating Offshore Renewable Energy Farm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9284-1170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Castro-Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Group for Engineering Research, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3ns Tecnol\u00f3xicas, Departamento de Enxe\u00f1ar\u00eda Naval e Oce\u00e1nica, Escola Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Campus de Ferrol, 15471 Ferrol, Spain"}]},{"given":"Elson","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8570-4263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Guedes Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Energy Agency (IEA) (2013). 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