{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T05:44:04Z","timestamp":1776663844592,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Encyclopedia"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress is an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants, resulting in disruption of redox signaling and control and causing molecular damage. Oxidative stress is related to a variety of diseases, for example, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and cancer. It might be that oxidative stress, and, more specifically, reactive oxygen species (ROS), affects longevity in a subtle way through signaling. Possible therapies to reduce oxidative stress in the elderly are nutritional intervention (for example, caloric restriction (CR)) and exercise. Exercise is associated with favorable changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes and the oxidative stress status in general. A diet with CR also seems to be a promising way to reduce oxidative stress by decreasing oxidant emission and improving antioxidant mechanisms. A better understanding of where the antioxidant mechanisms in the elderly fail could be a big step forward in developing new therapies (such as exercise or diet) that prevent oxidative damage and cellular dysfunction with age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/encyclopedia2030105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T01:50:26Z","timestamp":1661392226000},"page":"1545-1558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Oxidative Stress in Relation to Aging and Exercise"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Dimphna","family":"Verhaegen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Thomas More Kempen, Thomas More University, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440 Geel, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Smits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Thomas More Kempen, Thomas More University, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440 Geel, Belgium"}]},{"given":"N\u00e1dia","family":"Os\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Laboratoriais, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Coimbra (ESTeSC), Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Aplicadas \u00e0 Sa\u00fade (LABINSA\u00daDE), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Coimbra (ESTeSC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade I&D Qu\u00edmica-F\u00edsica Molecular, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7844-0506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Caseiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Laboratoriais, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Coimbra (ESTeSC), Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Aplicadas \u00e0 Sa\u00fade (LABINSA\u00daDE), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Coimbra (ESTeSC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade I&D Qu\u00edmica-F\u00edsica Molecular, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00045","article-title":"Diabetes and Aging: From Treatment Goals to Pharmacologic Therapy","volume":"10","author":"Longo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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