{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:43:21Z","timestamp":1760147001302,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project InPaCTus\u2014Innovative Products and Technologies from Eucalyptus","award":["246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020","UIDB\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020","UIDB\/00151\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020","UIDB\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020","UIDB\/00151\/2020"]}]},{"name":"research unit Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI)","award":["246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020","UIDB\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020","UIDB\/00151\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies (C-MAST-UBI)","award":["246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020","UIDB\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020","UIDB\/00151\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds (PIDDAC)","award":["246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020","UIDB\/00151\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020","UIDB\/00151\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eng"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, tissue product producers try to meet consumers\u2019 requirements to retain their loyalty. In perforated products, such as toilet paper, these requirements involve the paper being portioned along the perforation line and not outside of it. Thus, it becomes necessary to enhance the behavior of the perforation line in perforated tissue papers. The current study aimed to verify if the perforation line for 0\u00b0 (the solution found in commercial perforated products) is the best solution to maximize the perforation efficiency. A finite element (FE) simulation was used to validate the experimental data, where the deviations from the experiments were 5.2% for the case with a 4 mm perforation length and 8.8% for a perforation of 2 mm, and optimize the perforation efficiency using the genetic algorithm while considering two different cases. In the first case, the blank distance and the perforation line angle were varied, with the best configuration being achieved with a blank distance of 0.1 mm and an inclination angle of 0.56\u00b0. For the second case, the blank distance was fixed to 1.0 mm and the only variable to be optimized was the inclination angle of the perforation line. It was found that the best angle inclination was 0.67\u00b0. In both cases, it was verified that a slight inclination in the perforation line will favor partitioning and therefore the perforation efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/eng4010005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T04:56:27Z","timestamp":1672635387000},"page":"80-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Angle of the Perforation Line to Optimize Partitioning Efficiency on Toilet Papers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6098-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana Costa","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6165-8899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Costa","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies (C-MAST-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5586-2500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo L.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aeronautical Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Jo\u00e3o Dagnone, 1100-Jardim Santa Angelina, S\u00e3o Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7374-3636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo T.","family":"Fiadeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Olson, S.R., Hoadley, D.A., and Daul, T.A. (2016). Partitionable Paper Towel. (No. US20160345786A1), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"24","article-title":"Converting Operations Impact on Tissue Paper Product Properties\u2013A Review","volume":"18","author":"Vieira","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Ogg, R.G., and Habel, M.A. (1992). Perforator Blade for Paper Products and Products Made Therefrom. (No. 5114771), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Schulz, G., and Gracyalny, D. (1998). Method and Apparatus for Pinch Perforating Multiply Web Material. (No. 5755654), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Hada, F.S., Baggot, J.L., and Krautkramer, R.E. (2010). Method for Perforating Tissue Sheets. (No. WO 2010\/076689 Al), WO Patent."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2010). Tissue Paper and Tissue Products\u2013Part 12: Determination of Tensile Strength of Perforated Lines\u2013Calculation of Perforation Efficiency (Standard No. ISO 12625-12:2010)."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Carvill, J. (2022, November 14). Mechanical Engineer\u2019s Data Handbook, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, United Kingdom. Available online: http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com:5070\/book\/9780080511351\/mechanical-engineers-data-handbook."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4846","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.16.3.4846-4861","article-title":"Mechanical behavior of toilet paper perforation","volume":"16","author":"Vieira","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.17.1.492-503","article-title":"Toilet paper perforation efficiency","volume":"17","author":"Vieira","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2021.109224","article-title":"Design, Modeling, Optimization, Manufacturing and Testing of Variable-Angle Filament-Wound Cylinders","volume":"225","author":"Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01743714","article-title":"Genetic Algorithms with Local Improvement for Composite Laminate Design","volume":"7","author":"Kogiso","year":"1994","journal-title":"Struct. Optim."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Goldberg, D.E. (1989). Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7683(03)00318-4","article-title":"Orthotropic Elastic\u2013Plastic Material Model for Paper Materials","volume":"40","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Solids Struct."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5096(93)90073-O","article-title":"A General Anisotropic Yield Criterion Using Bounds and a Transformation Weighting Tensor","volume":"41","author":"Karafillis","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Mech. Phys. Solids"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vieira, J.C., Mendes, A.d.O., Ribeiro, M.L., Vieira, A.C., Carta, A.M., Fiadeiro, P.T., and Costa, A.P. (2022). Embossing pressure effect on mechanical and softness properties of industrial base tissue papers with finite element method validation. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15124324"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"(2005). Tissue Paper and Tissue Products\u2014Part 6: Determination of Grammage (Standard No. ISO 12625-6:2005)."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2014). Tissue Paper and Tissue Products\u2014Part 3: Determination of Thickness, Bulking Thickness and Apparent Bulk Density and Bulk (Standard No. ISO 12625-3:2014)."}],"container-title":["Eng"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-4117\/4\/1\/5\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:55:32Z","timestamp":1760118932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-4117\/4\/1\/5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["eng4010005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/eng4010005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-4117"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2673-4117"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}}}