{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T12:06:45Z","timestamp":1772885205817,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eng"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Most of the larger hydropower plants in Western Europe, the former Soviet Union, North America and Japan were constructed between the 1940s and 1970s. This implies that the rehabilitation or repair of existing dams is a top priority, which entails new challenges for the dam engineering community. Since no two dams are the same, in cases in which abnormal behavior is suspected, an in-depth diagnosis of the state of the dam to define the causes and consequences of the damage is required. To illustrate the diagnostic process, an old concrete arch dam is presented which showed signs of reservoir water seepage through some construction joints, resulting in a buildup of calcium carbonate on the downstream face. After analyzing the available data, we put forward a hypothesis that the high temperature gradient promoted the opening of some construction joints on the upstream face during the first filling of the reservoir. Over time, water penetration expanded the cracks, reaching the downstream face. To prove our diagnosis, a chemo-thermo-mechanical finite element analysis was carried out in order to simulate the behavior of the dam during its construction and initial impoundment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/eng4020074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T06:20:42Z","timestamp":1682317242000},"page":"1265-1289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chemo-Thermo-Mechanical FEA as a Support Tool for Damage Diagnostic of a Cracked Concrete Arch Dam: A Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7259-9556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noemi Schclar","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC), Av. do Brasil 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5434-3357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elo\u00edsa","family":"Castilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Law, S., and Troja, N. (2023, February 14). Blog: Hydropower Growth and Development through the Decades. Available online: https:\/\/www.hydropower.org\/blog\/blog-hydropower-growth-and-development-through-the-decades."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"White, W.R. (2019). World Water: Resources, Usage and the Role of Man-Made Reservoirs, Foundation for Water Research. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"437","article-title":"A New Era of Big Infrastructure? (Re)developing Water Storage in the U.S. West in the Context of Climate Change an Environmental Regulation","volume":"10","author":"Perry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Altern."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Wieland, M. (2023, February 14). Hydropower over the Next Decade. 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