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Although there is the perception that these solutions can improve the biodiversity of cities, their real value is still unclear. This paper focuses on two aspects of urban greening: green roofs and green walls. It provides a systematic review on biodiversity present in green roofs and walls, through an exhaustive worldwide literature analysis. Arthropods, bats, and birds were the three taxonomic groups analyzed in the papers included in our review. We observed a strong increase in the number of recent publications, thus demonstrating a growing interest in this topic. In summary, we found that green roofs\/walls offered additional opportunities for plants and animals to thrive in urban environments because of habitat creation and greater spatial connectivity. In addition, the enhancement of other ecosystem services such as stormwater management and heat island mitigation was noted. By incorporating green features into urban design and planning, cities can support biodiversity while also improving the overall sustainability and livability of urban spaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/environments11040076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T10:55:28Z","timestamp":1712746528000},"page":"76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Assessing Ecological Gains: A Review of How Arthropods, Bats and Birds Benefit from Green Roofs and Walls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Tiago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5690-0433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Matos","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS\u2014Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2013.01.016","article-title":"Does the Terrestrial Biosphere Have Planetary Tipping Points?","volume":"28","author":"Brook","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808772106","article-title":"Science for Managing Ecosystem Services: Beyond the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment","volume":"106","author":"Carpenter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"D\u00edaz, S.M., Settele, J., Brond\u00edzio, E., Ngo, H., Gu\u00e8ze, M., Agard, J., Arneth, A., Balvanera, P., Brauman, K., and Butchart, S. (2019). 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