{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T04:41:07Z","timestamp":1759812067929,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regionale forskningsfond","award":["337686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["337686"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through project ReUseMP3","award":["PID2020\u2013115456RB-I00\/MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020\u2013115456RB-I00\/MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"FSE+","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environments"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increasing attention has been given to the environmental impact of tire-derived chemicals in aquatic systems, but submerged whole tires remain an overlooked source. This study investigates a previously unexplored underwater tire dump in Hjelm\u00e5s Bay, Alver Municipality (Norway) where a blast mat manufacturer discarded large quantities of tires into the bay in the 1970s. These tires have remained submerged for over 50 years. We conducted an initial site mapping and collected sediment and water samples to assess tire-related pollutants in comparison with control sites. Sediment analysis revealed elevated levels of Zn, Pb, and Cu, particularly near the tire dump center, with Zn being the most abundant. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the dominant phthalate detected in the sediments, though no clear spatial pattern emerged for phthalates. Non-target chemical screening of water samples identified 20 features potentially linked to tire degradation, with N,N\u2032-Diphenylguanidine (DPG) being the most notable. Our study highlights the long-term environmental persistence of several tire-derived chemicals, which has ramifications for both the regulation of tire-derived chemicals and plans for remediation at Hjelm\u00e5s. Our initial findings warrant the implementation of a comprehensive chemical and ecological baseline monitoring assessment prior to discussions on remediation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/environments12100356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T11:42:49Z","timestamp":1759750969000},"page":"356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Legacy of Chemical Pollution from an Underwater Tire Dump in Alver Municipality, Norway: Implication for the Persistence of Tire-Derived Chemicals and Site Remediation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3519-3717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Ja\u00e9n-Gil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Department of Climate & Environment, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway"}]},{"given":"Amandine A.","family":"Tisserand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Department of Climate & Environment, Nyg\u00e5rdsgt 112, 5008 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, 5007 Bergen, Norway"}]},{"given":"L\u00facia H. M. L. M.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, Spanish National Research Council, C\/ Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2962-8144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mozaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catalan Institute for Water Research, C\/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6496-6857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Gomiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Department of Climate & Environment, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway"}]},{"given":"Eirik","family":"Langeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clean Oceans, N\u00f8stegaten 44, 5011 Bergen, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9251-2972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhan R.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Department of Climate & Environment, Nyg\u00e5rdsgt 112, 5008 Bergen, Norway"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2024.117563","article-title":"An Overview of the Key Topics Related to the Study of Tire Particles and Their Chemical Leachates: From Problems to Solutions","volume":"172","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"TrAC-Trends Anal. 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