{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T03:44:39Z","timestamp":1776743079030,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2020.04413.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.04413.BD"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015621","name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2013i4HB","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"NextGenerationEU program under the Recovery and Resilience Facility Plan for Portugal\u2013Agenda VIIAFOOD\u2013Platform for Valorization, Industrialization, and Commercial Innovation for the Agri-Food Sector","award":["C644929456-0000004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C644929456-0000004"]}]},{"name":"INNOECOFOOD project","award":["101136739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101136739"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environments"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extreme weather events, particularly marine heatwaves (MHWs), increasingly threaten aquaculture systems worldwide by impairing animal physiology and economical sustainability. This showcases the need to develop nutritional approaches that enhance animal performance under sub-optimal conditions. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with the brown macroalga Laminaria digitata (whole dried powder or extract) on the antioxidant status, digestive activity, and lipid metabolism of juvenile Sparus aurata exposed to a simulated MHW. Fish were fed four diets (control, 0.3% extract, and 0.3% or 1.5% powder) for 30 days before being exposed to a category III Mediterranean MHW. Under optimal temperature, macroalgae supplementation reduced oxidative status (lower catalase activity). The powder-feeds decreased lipid peroxidation, while the extract-feed elicited the opposite. All supplemented diets reduced proteolytic activity, and the extract-feed also decreased amylase activity. The MHW impaired gastrointestinal antioxidant defenses and liver lipid metabolism, decreasing catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities, as well as \u03a3PUFA n-6, 16:1 n-7, and 18:2 n-6 levels. The 0.3% powder-feed mitigated MHW-induced reductions in antioxidant activity, while both 0.3%-diets prevented thermal stress-related alterations on fatty acid profile. Overall, L. digitata powder at 0.3% was most effective at enhancing thermal stress resilience, supporting its value as a functional aquafeed ingredient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/environments13010025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T09:56:23Z","timestamp":1767347783000},"page":"25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interactive Effects of Laminaria digitata Supplementation and Heatwave Events on Farmed Gilthead Seabream Antioxidant Status, Digestive Activity, and Lipid Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0111-8295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita V. C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA DivAV\u2014Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Biosprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5518-5338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isa","family":"Marmelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA DivAV\u2014Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Biosprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO REQUIMTE, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1523-344X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Chainho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA DivAV\u2014Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Biosprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Al\u00edcia","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1182-0868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Bolotas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA DivAV\u2014Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Biosprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6965-0958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Barata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA-EPPO\u2014Aquaculture Research Station, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Parque Natural da Ria Frormosa s\/n, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6746-764X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Pous\u00e3o-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA-EPPO\u2014Aquaculture Research Station, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Parque Natural da Ria Frormosa s\/n, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"S2AQUA\u2014Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Avenida Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s\/n, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0301-6182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa F.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, ISEP\/IPP\u2014Polytechnic of Porto\u2014School of Engineering, Rua Doutor Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3924-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Delerue-Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, ISEP\/IPP\u2014Polytechnic of Porto\u2014School of Engineering, Rua Doutor Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3750-9583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Anacleto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA DivAV\u2014Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Biosprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"},{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET, Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6745-745X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA DivAV\u2014Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Biosprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1571-0366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio S.","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO REQUIMTE, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Narcisa M.","family":"Bandarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA DivAV\u2014Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Biosprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos s\/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Maulvault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA DivAV\u2014Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Biosprospection, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO REQUIMTE, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2024). 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