{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T23:24:25Z","timestamp":1770161065721,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2023.03677.BDANA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.03677.BDANA"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/00681\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00681\/2025"]}]},{"name":"Forest Research Centre","award":["UID\/00239\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/00239\/2025"]}]},{"name":"Forest Research Centre","award":["UID\/PRR\/00239\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/PRR\/00239\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environments"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acacia dealbata, an invasive species in Portugal, produces large amounts of residual biomass during control operations, thereby presenting challenges and opportunities for sustainable valorization. Heavy metal contamination, including zinc (Zn), remains a critical environmental challenge due to its widespread industrial release and potential ecotoxicological impacts. This study explores the potential use of A. dealbata biomass as a biosorbent for zinc removal from aqueous solutions, comparing the performance of natural biomass and A. dealbata charcoal fines. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and surface characterizations were conducted to evaluate their physicochemical properties and sorption efficiency. The A. dealbata charcoal fines exhibited a significantly higher specific surface area (33 m2 g\u22121) and total pore volume (0.030 cm3 g\u22121) compared with the untreated biomass (1.4 m2 g\u22121 and 0.004 cm3 g\u22121, respectively). Despite these structural differences, both materials demonstrated similar maximum adsorption capacities (23.36 and 23.79 mg g\u22121 for natural and charcoal fines, respectively). These results indicate that untreated A. dealbata biomass can perform as a biosorbent comparably to its carbonized form, representing a simple, low-cost, and sustainable alternative for heavy metal removal, offering a low-energy and sustainable alternative for Zn remediation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/environments13020077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T10:03:29Z","timestamp":1770113009000},"page":"77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Invasion to Valorization: Adsorbent Applications of Acacia dealbata Biomass in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2833-5465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgana","family":"Macena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEF-Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6660-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jackelline S.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESTGV-IPV, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5698-9135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Novais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4261-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana P. F.","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8700-3055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Grosche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4iTec Lusit\u00e2nia S.A., Lugar do Pombal, Zona Industrial do Salgueiro, 3530-259 Mangualde, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5393-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEF-Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6502-7202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Cruz-Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1051\/forest\/2009082","article-title":"The Genus Acacia as Invader: The Characteristic Case of Acacia dealbata Link in Europe","volume":"67","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. 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