{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T17:55:26Z","timestamp":1775325326049,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Recovery and Resilience Plan","award":["C645112083-00000059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C645112083-00000059"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UID\/04292\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04292\/2025"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UID\/PRR\/04292\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/PRR\/04292\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environments"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This systematic review evaluates recent scientific and technological advances in water quality monitoring and pollution alarms for ports, based on records retrieved from seven databases following the PRISMA protocol. A total of 414 documents were screened, resulting in 141 articles (TRL 3) and 56 patents (TRL 4\u20135). Bibliometric, patentometric, and thematic analyses were conducted using Bibliometrix and ORBIT\u00ae. Results show sustained growth in both academic and technological outputs, with a patent Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 32%, compared with 13% for scientific publications, indicating accelerated translation from research to innovation. The conversion rate from scientific research to patenting increased from 14% (2010\u20132015) to 47% (2020\u20132023). Analysis of patent legal status reveals that 52% of patent families remain valid (48% granted; 4% pending), while 33% are lapsed, 13% revoked, and 2% expired, reflecting the dynamic and emerging character of the field. Technological ownership is highly concentrated, with China accounting for nearly all active patents, whereas scientific production is more geographically distributed. Thematic analysis identifies four main scientific clusters: environmental monitoring, chemical pollutants, seashore hazards, and eutrophication. The main technological domains of the patents are analysis of biological materials, control, and environmental technologies. Emerging areas of focus at TRL 3 and TRL 4\u20135 include microplastics, climate-change impacts, aquaculture risks, real-time sensing, IoT-enabled platforms, machine-learning analytics, autonomous monitoring systems, and bioindicator-based early-warning tools. This review provides a quantitative roadmap to support sustainable port operations, coastal ecosystem protection, and progress toward multiple synergistic United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/environments13030176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:54:53Z","timestamp":1774281293000},"page":"176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Toward Cleaner and Smarter Ports: Systematic Review of Water Monitoring and Pollution Alert Technologies from Global Patents (TRL4\u20135) and Scientific Analyses (TRL 3)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3827-7625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina M.","family":"Quintella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Institute and Center for Energy and Environment, Campus Ondina, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Set\u00fabal, Campus do IPS, Estefanilha, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Set\u00fabal, Campus do IPS, Estefanilha, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3256-3110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M. A. T.","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Set\u00fabal, Campus do IPS, Estefanilha, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"The Ethical Interface of Sustainable Prosperity in the Teachings of Pope Francis","volume":"46","author":"Joseph","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dharma"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/10131752.2023.2282341","article-title":"\u201cA World Not Our Own to Define\u201d: Ecological Solutions to Global Catastrophe in the Works of Barry Lopez","volume":"41","author":"Fincham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Engl. Acad. 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