{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T17:18:46Z","timestamp":1763399926827,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]],"date-time":"2020-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UID\/EEA\/50009\/2019","CEECIND\/02589\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EEA\/50009\/2019","CEECIND\/02589\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environments"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study analyzes climate change mitigation policies focused on light-duty electric vehicles (LDEVs) in the transportation sector in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, in the 2016\u20132050 period. We use the Open Source Energy Modeling System (OSeMOSYS) to analyze scenarios that consider greater uptake of LDEVs in different time frames, implementation of a CO2 emission restriction policy, exclusion of fossil fuels from the power mix, and a combination of these policies. We find that carbon pricing, along with higher rates of LDEVs adoption, causes the highest emission reductions (up to 47%), albeit at higher costs. LDEVs become the preferred vehicle technology as soon as they reach cost parity with internal combustion engine vehicles in different scenarios. Greater LDEVs uptake, however, leads to increased electricity consumption (up to 3%), which is provided by fossil fuels when there is no emission restriction policy. If restrictions are placed on the expansion of fossil fuel power plants, fewer LDEVs are adopted (up to less than 26%) because there is not enough electricity to supply the demand. Given the state\u2019s power mix in 2016 (58% provided by fossil fuels), investment in zero-carbon energy is necessary for mitigation policies in the transportation sector to be effective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/environments7110099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T19:03:37Z","timestamp":1604862217000},"page":"99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Climate Change Mitigation Policies in the Transportation Sector in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1687-8710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana Bruce da","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IN+ Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, LARSys, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1559-9151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IN+ Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, LARSys, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o para o desenvolvimento do Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7532-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos A. Santos","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IN+ Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, LARSys, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Luan","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Production Engineering Program (PEP\/COPPE\/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 210421-598, Brazil"},{"name":"Engineering UFRJ-Maca\u00e9, Maca\u00e9 27930-560, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2013.08.059","article-title":"Long-term transport energy demand and climate policy: Alternative visions on transport decarbonization in energy-economy models","volume":"64","author":"Pietzcker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esr.2020.100510","article-title":"Net-zero deep decarbonization pathways in Latin America: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"30","author":"Bataille","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Strategy Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.04.144","article-title":"Decarbonization of China\u2019s transportation sector: In light of national mitigation toward the Paris Agreement goals","volume":"155","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esr.2017.12.007","article-title":"Perspectives on decarbonizing the transport sector in the EU-28","volume":"20","author":"Haasz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Strategy Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2020.05.032","article-title":"Transport-energy-environment modeling and investment requirements from Brazilian commitments","volume":"157","author":"Goes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renew. 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