{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T04:24:35Z","timestamp":1772857475567,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BAA-AGR\/29258\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BAA-AGR\/29258\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["016749-PTDC\/AGR-PRO\/6262\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["016749-PTDC\/AGR-PRO\/6262\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/AGR\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/AGR\/04129\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029258"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["POCI- 01-0145-FEDER- 016749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI- 01-0145-FEDER- 016749"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environments"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To assess environmental risks related to the mobility and toxicity of AgNPs, the chemical availability of AgNPs and polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs (PVP-AgNPs) in three agricultural soils was quantified in a pot experiment. Porewater collection and soil extractions with 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.4 M Glycine (pH 1.5) and 0.05 M NH4-EDTA were performed. The effect on soil exoenzyme activities was also assessed. Porewater concentration was low (&lt;0.4% and &lt;0.04% of dosed Ag, for AgNPs and PVP-AgNPs, respectively) and only detected in acidic soils (pH 4.4 and 4.9). The PVP-coating reduced the downward mobility of AgNPs in soil and possibly also their dissolution rate (and subsequent release of dissolved Ag+ ions into porewater). The effect of variation in organic matter on soil enzymatic activity was larger than that of AgNPs, as no significant additional inhibitory effect from Ag could be observed. Only at low pH and in the presence of complexing ligands that form very stable Ag complexes (0.4 M Glycine extraction at pH 1.5) up to 58% of the Ag added to soil was released (independently of PVP coating). An extraction with glycine is proposed as a useful indicator of potentially available Ag in soils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/environments8030022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T11:18:38Z","timestamp":1616152718000},"page":"22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dissolution of Ag Nanoparticles in Agricultural Soils and Effects on Soil Exoenzyme Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nuno C.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM &amp; Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"Farto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnologias e Ci\u00eancias Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, Rua Pedro Soares S\/N, Apartado 6155, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Clarisse","family":"Mourinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnologias e Ci\u00eancias Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, Rua Pedro Soares S\/N, Apartado 6155, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM &amp; Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4868-4099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando C.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM &amp; Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5456-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tito","family":"Trindade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO &amp; Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eduarda","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM &amp; Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paul F. A. M.","family":"R\u00f6mkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Soil Use, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3225-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Alvarenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Agronomia, Alimentos, Ambiente e Paisagem, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3969-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia M.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM &amp; Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1039\/C6EN00573J","article-title":"Nanotechnology for sustainable food production: Promising opportunities and scientific challenges","volume":"4","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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