{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T22:22:36Z","timestamp":1768342956058,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environments"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mineral processing and metallurgy production centers may leave a far-reaching fingerprint of soil contamination. This scenario is particularly relevant in the mining district of Linares (Southern Spain), where former industrial sites are now dedicated to other land uses. Within this context, we selected five sectors of concern in Linares region, which are currently used as agricultural and residential areas. The study began with an edaphic characterization, including grain-size fractioning and soil chemical analyses, which were complemented by mineralogical and sequential extraction information. Anomalous soil concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were found, with higher values than the admissible regional guideline limits. Moreover, chemical speciation indicated that in general, Pb, Zn, and Cd were highly available and bound mainly to the carbonate fraction. In addition, health risk assessment evidenced potential threats by Pb and As. Regarding remediation approaches, we observed that, in soils affected by mining and ore dressing activities, the clay and silt size fractions contained the highest pollution load, making them suitable for a size classification treatment. By contrast, in areas affected by metallurgical activity, pollutants were prone to be evenly distributed among all grain sizes, thereby complicating the implementation of such remediation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/environments9020024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T08:20:29Z","timestamp":1643617229000},"page":"24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of Old Pb Mining and Metallurgical Production in Soils from the Linares Mining District (Spain)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8266-828X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Boente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Associate Unit CSIC-University of Huelva \u201cAtmospheric Pollution\u201d, Campus El Carmen s\/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6820-2499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Superior de Ingenieros de Minas y Energ\u00eda, Campus de Vegazana, University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6395-0263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y Minera, EPS de Linares y CEACTEMA, Universidad de Ja\u00e9n, Campus Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico, 23700 Linares, Spain"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Vald\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INDUROT & Environmental Biogeochemistry and Raw Materials Group, University of Oviedo, C\/Gonzalo Guti\u00e9rrez Quir\u00f3s s\/n, 33600 Mieres, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9497-0985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u00edas","family":"Afif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Calle Cat. Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Serrano, 10, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9129-2368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geolog\u00eda, EPS de Linares y CEACTEMA, Universidad de Ja\u00e9n, Campus Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico, 23700 Linares, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3456-5926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel Margarida Horta Ribeiro","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Sciences, ICT, Pole of University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8243-3883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez","family":"Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INDUROT & Environmental Biogeochemistry and Raw Materials Group, University of Oviedo, C\/Gonzalo Guti\u00e9rrez Quir\u00f3s s\/n, 33600 Mieres, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.07.039","article-title":"Environmental risk related to presence and mobility of As, Cd and Tl in soils in the vicinity of a metallurgical plant\u2013Long-term observations","volume":"236","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111050","article-title":"Potential environmental pollution from copper metallurgy and methods of management","volume":"197","author":"Izydorczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. 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