{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T03:01:52Z","timestamp":1760151712776,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environments"],"abstract":"<jats:p>EURADOS (European Radiation Dosimetry Group) Working Group 12 (WG12) SG1 activities are aimed at occupational radiation protection and individual monitoring in X-ray and nuclear medicine practices. In recent years, many studies have been carried out in these fields, especially for interventional radiology and cardiology workplaces (IC\/IR). The complexity of the exposure conditions of the medical staff during interventional practices makes the radiation protection and monitoring of the exposed workers a challenging task. The scope of the present work is to review some of the main results obtained within WG12 activities about scattered field characterization and personal dosimetry that could be very useful in increasing the quality of radiation protection of the personnel, safety, and awareness of radiation risk. Two papers on Monte Carlo modelling of interventional theater and three papers on active personal dosimeters (APDs) for personnel monitoring were considered in the review. More specifically, Monte Carlo simulation was used as the main tool to characterize the levels of exposure of the medical staff, allowing to determine how beam energy and direction can have an impact on the doses received by the operators. Indeed, the simulations provided information about the exposure of the operator\u2019s head, and the study concluded with the determination of an eye-lens protection factor when protection goggles and a ceiling shielding are used. Moreover, the review included the results of studies on active personal dosimeters, their use in IC\/IR workplaces, and how they respond to calibration fields, with X-ray standard and pulsed beams. It was shown that APDs are insensitive to backscatter radiation, but some of them could not respond correctly to the very intense pulsed fields (as those next to the patient in interventional practices). The measurements during interventional procedures showed the potential capability of the employment of APDs in hospitals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/environments9040053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T22:04:02Z","timestamp":1650319442000},"page":"53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["What Is Worth Knowing in Interventional Practices about Medical Staff Radiation Exposure Monitoring: A Review of Recent Outcomes of EURADOS Working Group 12"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3912-7626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENEA\u2014Radiation Protection Institute, 40129 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merc\u00e8","family":"Ginjaume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de T\u00e8cniques Energ\u00e8tiques, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Hupe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), 38116 Braunschweig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Una","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. James\u2019s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Vanhavere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCK-CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Bakhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 04050 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0893-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KIT, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Campani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENEA\u2014Radiation Protection Institute, 40129 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"Eleftheria","family":"Carinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EEAE, Greek Atomic Energy Commission, 15341 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Clairand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRSN, Institute Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Faj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (RCE), UKHSA, Oxford OX11 0RQ, UK"}]},{"given":"Zoran","family":"Jovanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6669-8788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u017deljka","family":"Kne\u017eevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RBI, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}]},{"given":"Dragana","family":"Krsti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Mariotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENEA\u2014Radiation Protection Institute, 40129 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8201-2720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Sans-Merce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHUV, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2705-7077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8567-7050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"\u017divkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncm418","article-title":"Personal dose monitoring in hospitals: Global assessment, critical applications and future needs","volume":"124","author":"Covens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiat. 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