{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T15:00:11Z","timestamp":1769094011032,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/AGR\/04033\/2019.; UID\/AGR\/00239\/2019; UID\/AMB\/00681\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/AGR\/04033\/2019.; UID\/AGR\/00239\/2019; UID\/AMB\/00681\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forests"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research Highlights: This study bridges a gap of knowledge about the maximum size\u2013density trajectory for juvenile stands of maritime pine. The continuity of the trajectory along the development stages to maturity is assured with a straightforward approach providing support to determine optimum density along all the revolution periods for the species. Background and Objectives: Forest fire is a significant threat to forests in the Mediterranean regions, but also a natural disturbance that plays a vital role in the perpetuation of forest stands. In recent decades, there has been an increase of burnt area in maritime forests in Portugal, followed by an increased interest in managing the natural and usually abundant regeneration occurring after the fires. The gap in the knowledge of growth dynamics for juvenile stages, for these forest systems, currently constrains their correct management, for forest planning, particularly in determining the optimal densities. The study aims to identify the maximum attainable density trajectory at the early stages of development of the species that could support a non-empirical definition of silvicultural prescriptions and thinning decisions, along the revolution. Materials and Methods: A representative data set collected in stands regenerated after fire supports the analysis of the maximum size\u2013density trajectory for the species. Results: The maximum size\u2013density trajectory for the juvenile stands deviates from the expected trajectory defined in the self-thinning line published for the species. Significant deviation occurs at the lower end of the line, indicating the need for a reevaluation of the existing self-thinning line. We propose a new self-thinning model for the species that explicitly considers the behavior of size\u2013density for juvenile stands. The new model assures a logical continuity for the trajectory from the young stages of development to maturity. Conclusions: The proposed model based on the maximum attainable size\u2013density trajectory provides ecological-based support to define silvicultural guidelines for management of the species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/f10121057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T02:49:27Z","timestamp":1574390967000},"page":"1057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Size\u2013Density Trajectory in Regenerated Maritime Pine Stands after Fire"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9243-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Enes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Forestry Sciences and Landscape Architecture (CIFAP), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Lousada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Forestry Sciences and Landscape Architecture (CIFAP), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3171-2951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Aranha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Forestry Sciences and Landscape Architecture (CIFAP), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Adelaide","family":"Cerveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Matem\u00e1tica, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, INESC\u2013TEC Technology and Science (formerly INESC Porto, UTAD pole), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Alegria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Sociedade (CERNAS), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Castelo Branco, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Unidade Departamental de Recursos Naturais e Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel, Apartado 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6269-3605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry Sciences and Landscape Architecture (CIFAP), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0345","article-title":"The \u2018wildfire problem\u2019: Perceptions and realities in a changing world","volume":"371","author":"Doerr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos. 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