{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:08:43Z","timestamp":1774613323569,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/ATP-EAM\/0817\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/ATP-EAM\/0817\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04683\/2020 and UIDP\/04683\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04683\/2020 and UIDP\/04683\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forests"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The knowledge of pollen sensitivity and tolerance to stress factors such as air pollution is important for forest sustainability, ensuring the most efficient production with the highest benefits and lowest resource losses. This study intended to evaluate the influence of common air pollutants in four forest trees species, Betula pendula Roth, Corylus avellana L., Acer negundo L. and Quercus robur L., through a comparative analysis at the same experimental conditions. We aimed to investigate the effect that may occur in pollen fertility, protein content, oxidative stress and wall composition after exposure in vitro to ozone and nitrogen dioxide at concentration levels for vegetation protection in Europe. Our results suggest changes in pollen viability, protein content and differential sensitivity related to ROS synthesis, NADPH oxidase activity, as well as in wall composition. The results indicate that NO2 exposure affected more the pollen species studied mostly at the highest concentration exposure. As for ozone, there were less significant differences between samples; however, a different behavior occurs in O3 expositions, where the most influence happens at the legal limit for vegetation protection in Europe. Our study showed that significant pollen functions could be compromised even at common air pollutant\u2019s concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/f12010088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T12:44:05Z","timestamp":1610714645000},"page":"88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Strong and the Stronger: The Effects of Increasing Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations in Pollen of Different Forest Species"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9117-7797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3775-7192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CITACA-Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus Auga, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6397-3713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ilda","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2010.11.004","article-title":"A framework for developing urban forest ecosystem services and goods indicators","volume":"99","author":"Dobbs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Landsc. 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