{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T16:37:19Z","timestamp":1777567039836,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AKDN\u2014Aga Khan Development Network","award":["810139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["810139"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia IP, Portugal, in the context of COBIO-NET project","award":["810139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["810139"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Land and Environment of Mozambique","award":["810139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["810139"]}]},{"name":"Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA)","award":["810139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["810139"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme","award":["810139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["810139"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forests"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mangroves are critical to maintaining human well-being and global biodiversity. Eastern and western African shores present major environmental contrasts that reflect on mangrove forests\u2019 structure and the ecosystem services they provide to human communities. This study compares the mangrove forest structure and condition, ecosystem services, and uses of resources in Maputo Bay (Mozambique in eastern Africa) and Pr\u00edncipe Island (S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe in western Africa). Five mangrove species were identified in Maputo Bay, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora mucronata, and Xylocarpus granatum, and the importance value index was higher for A. marina. Mangroves in Pr\u00edncipe were exclusively dominated by Rhizophora harrisonii. In Maputo Bay, a weak regeneration characterized by a low quantity of seedlings was observed, although in Pr\u00edncipe the sites were characterized by a low regeneration rate but well-established forests. The comparison of the mangrove structure between Maputo Bay and Pr\u00edncipe Island presented statistically significant differences for mean DBH and height, whereas the trees in Pr\u00edncipe presented higher values for both parameters. Strong human disturbance (through cutting) was identified in almost all sites in Maputo Bay but was rarely observed on Pr\u00edncipe Island. In Maputo Bay, more than 90% of the coastal human community is involved in activities related to the surrounding mangroves, with a diversified exploitation of forest resources. On Pr\u00edncipe Island, the exploitation of mangroves targets only tannin from the mangrove bark to dye fishing nets and small boats. The economic value of mangroves in Maputo Bay has subsistence and commercial importance, in contrast to Pr\u00edncipe, which revealed no major economic value to the community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/f13091466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T22:53:46Z","timestamp":1663023226000},"page":"1466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A Comparison of Mangrove Forest Structure and Ecosystem Services in Maputo Bay (Eastern Africa) and Pr\u00edncipe Island (Western Africa)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5039-4659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vilma","family":"Machava-Ant\u00f3nio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, P.O. Box 257, Maputo 1100, Mozambique"},{"name":"United States Forest Service, International Programs, 1 Thomas Circle NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005, USA"},{"name":"Mare\u2013Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, P.O. Box 257, Maputo 1100, Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0022-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Cravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mare\u2013Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1gda","family":"Massingue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, P.O. Box 257, Maputo 1100, Mozambique"}]},{"given":"Hamilton","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reserva da Biosfera e Parque Natural do Pr\u00edncipe, Pra\u00e7a do Poeta Marcelo da Veiga, Pr\u00edncipe Island, Gulf of Guinea 311, Sao Tome and Principe"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Macamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, P.O. Box 257, Maputo 1100, Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2889-4523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salom\u00e3o","family":"Bandeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, P.O. Box 257, Maputo 1100, Mozambique"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mare\u2013Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2007). The World\u2019s Mangroves 1980\u20132005. FAO Forestry Paper, FAO."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2010.00584.x","article-title":"Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data","volume":"20","author":"Giri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2881(01)40003-4","article-title":"Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems","volume":"40","author":"Kathiresan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. Mar. Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Kauffman, J.B., and Donato, D.C. (2012). Protocols for the Measurement, Monitoring and Reporting of Structure, Biomass and Carbon Stocks in Mangrove Forests. Working Paper 86, CIFOR."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Taylor, M., Ravilious, C., and Green, E.P. (2003). Mangroves of East Africa, UNEP, World Conservation Monitoring Centre."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquabot.2008.02.009","article-title":"Ethnobiology, socio-economics and management of mangrove forests: A review","volume":"89","author":"Walters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aquat. Bot."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"McLeod, E., and Salm, R.V. (2006). Managing Mangroves for Resilience to Climate Change, IUCN."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Spalding, M.D., Blasco, F., and Field, C.D. (1997). World Mangrove Atlas, The International Ecosystems."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JG000551","article-title":"Landscape-scale extent, height, biomass, and carbon estimation of Mozambique\u2019s mangrove forests with Landsat ETM+ and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission elevation data","volume":"113","author":"Fatoyinbo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2013.09.047","article-title":"Propagating uncertainty to estimates of above-ground biomass for Kenyan mangroves: A scaling procedure from tree to landscape level","volume":"310","author":"Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"van Bochove, J., Sullivan, E., and Nakamura, T. (2014). The Importance of Mangroves to People: A Call to Action, United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1017\/S0376892902000231","article-title":"Present state and future of the world\u2019s mangrove forests","volume":"29","author":"Alongi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Bosire, J.O., Mangora, M.M., Bandeira, S., Rajkaran, A., Ratsimbazafy, R., Appadoo, C., and Kairo, J.G. (2016). Mangroves of the Western Indian Ocean: Status and Management, WIOMSA."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2010.02279.x","article-title":"Global and regional importance of the tropical peatland carbon pool","volume":"17","author":"Page","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spalding, M., Kainuma, M., and Collins, L. (2010). World Atlas of Mangroves. A Collaborative Project of ITTO, ISME, FAO, UNEP-WCMC, UNESCOMAB, UNU-INWEH and TNC, Earthscan.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781849776608"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Beentje, H., Bandeira, S.O., Williamson, J., Moat, J., and Frith, R. (2007). Field guide to the mangrove trees of Africa and Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Publishing."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Bandeira, S., and Paula, J. (2014). The Maputo Bay Ecosystem, WIOMSA."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"172","article-title":"Litter fall and decomposition of mangrove species Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata in Maputo Bay, Mozambique","volume":"8","author":"Fernando","year":"2009","journal-title":"West. Indian Ocean."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"33","article-title":"Problemas na Zona Costeira de Mo\u00e7ambique com Enf\u00e2se para a Costa de Maputo","volume":"7","author":"Langa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. De Restao Costeira Integr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6299(15)31155-8","article-title":"Status and Distribution of Mangroves in Mozambique","volume":"67","author":"Barbosa","year":"2001","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Diniz, M.A., Bandeira, S., and Martins, E.S. (2013). Flora e Vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o da Prov\u00edncia de Maputo: Sua Apropria\u00e7\u00e3o Pelas Popula\u00e7\u00f5es, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Cient\u00edfica Tropical."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Bosire, J.O., Mangora, M.M., Bandeira, S., Rajkaran, A., Ratsimbazafy, R., Appadoo, C., and Kairo, J.G. (2016). Mangroves of Mozambique. Mangroves of the Western Indian Ocean: Status and Management, WIOMSA."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501673","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2021.501673","article-title":"Assessing Ecosystem Services in Mangroves: Insights from S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 Island (Central Africa)","volume":"9","author":"Afonso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Herrero-Barrencua, A., Haroun, R., and Abreu, A.D. (2017). Caracterizaci\u00f3n preliminar de los manglares de la Isla de Pr\u00edncipe (S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe), IU-ECOAQUA, Univ. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Available online: www.ecoaqua.eu."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Vaz, H., and Oliveira, F. (2007). Relat\u00f3rio Nacional do estado geral da biodiversidade de S. Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe, Minist\u00e9rio de Recursos Naturais e meio Ambiente, Direc\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Ambiente, S. Tom\u00e9-RDSTP."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"10","article-title":"Mangrove transformation in the Incomati Estuary, Maputo Bay, Mozambique","volume":"14","author":"Macamo","year":"2015","journal-title":"WIO J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Bandeira, S., and Paula, J. (2014). Incomati mangrove deforestation. The Maputo Bay Ecosystem, WIOMSA."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"102114","article-title":"Community perceptions about mangrove ecosystem services and threats","volume":"49","author":"Afonso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"23","article-title":"An\u00e1lise do Manancial e da Pescaria de Magumba, Hilsa kelee (Cuvier, 1829) na Ba\u00eda de Maputo, Mo\u00e7ambique, no Per\u00edodo de 1992\u20132010","volume":"31","author":"Barros","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Mo\u00e7ambicana De Investig. Pesqueira (RIP)"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Ngale, A. (2012). Pesca Artesanal: A sua Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o no Rendimento dos Agregados Familiares da Cidade de Maputo\u2013Estudo de caso das Comunidades de Pesca de Gwachene e de Mar\u00edtimo. Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o Apresentada para a Obten\u00e7\u00e3o do grau de Mestre em Popula\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Bandeira, S., and Paula, J. (2014). Maputo bay\u2019s coastal habitats. The Maputo Bay Ecosystem, WIOMSA."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020389420591","article-title":"The Rise and Fall of the Mangrove Forests in Maputo Bay, Mozambique","volume":"10","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wetl. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2005.08.001","article-title":"Tidal Characteristics of Maputo Bay, Mozambique","volume":"58","author":"Dias","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"de Abreu, D.C., Costa, A., and e Motta, H. (2008). . Levantamento R\u00e1pido no Arquip\u00e9lago das Primeiras e Segundas, Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para o Estabelecimento de um Programa de Monitoria, WWF."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Bandeira, S., and Paula, J. (2014). Mangroves of Maputo Bay. The Maputo Bay Ecosystem, WIOMSA."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Bonfim, F., and Carvalho, S. (2022, April 05). Fourth National Report on the Biodiversity (1st Draft); CBD Online Reporting Tool S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9, Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica de S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe, 2009. Available online: https:\/\/chm.cbd.int\/database\/record?documentID=201405."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makowski, C., and Finkl, C. (2018). Mangrove Habitats in S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe (Gulf of Guinea, Africa): Conservation and Management Status. Threats to Mangrove Forests, Coastal Research Library, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73016-5"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-020-05212-7","article-title":"Downscaling projections of climate change in Sao Tome and Principe Islands, Africa","volume":"54","author":"Chou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Pisoni, T., de Lima, R.F., Brito, A.C., Chainho, P., F\u00e9lix, P.M., Ca\u00e7ador, I., and Carvalho, A. (2015). Planos de Gest\u00e3o Participativa para dois S\u00edtios de Mangal na Ilha de S. Tom\u00e9: Praia das Conchas e Malanza. Abordagem Ecossist\u00e9mica Integrada para a Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Gest\u00e3o da Biodiversidade na zona Tados Parques Mp\u00e3o Naturais ob\u00f4 de S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe, ALISEI."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"NBSAP II. (2015). National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2015\u20132020, National Commission for Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Infrastructure."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/aqc.1044","article-title":"Evaluation of mangrove structure and condition in two transboundary areas in the Western Indian Ocean","volume":"19","author":"Bandeira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s13157-018-0996-7","article-title":"Spatial Dynamics and Structure of Human Disturbed Mangrove Forests in Contrasting Coastal Communities in Eastern Africa","volume":"38","author":"Macamo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wetlands"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"47","article-title":"Mangrove change detection, structure, and condition in a protected area of eastern Africa: The case of Quirimbas National Park, Mozambique","volume":"16","author":"Nicolau","year":"2017","journal-title":"WIO J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.02.068","article-title":"Bernardino. Extreme weather impacts on tropical mangrove forests in the Eastern Brazil Marine Ecoregion","volume":"628\u2013629","author":"Servino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Ritchie, J., and Lewis, J. (2003). Focus groups. Qualitative Research Practice, Sage Publications."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenbaum, T.L. (1998). The Handbook of Focus Group Research, Sage Publications. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412986151"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2017.05.023","article-title":"Value chain analysis and small-scale fisheries management","volume":"83","author":"Rosales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Policy"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Tuan, V.Q. (2013). Valuation of Mangrove Ecosystems along the Coast of the Mekong Delta in Vietnam: An Approach Combining Socio-Economic and Remote Sensing Methods. [Doctoral Thesis, University of Kiel]."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Brander, L., Baggethun, E.G., L\u00f3pez, B.M., and Verma, M. (2010). The economics of valuing ecosystem services and biodiversity. The Ecological and Economic Foundations, Kiel University."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Zafar, M., and Ahsan, N. (2006). Marketing and Value Chain Analysis of Mud Crab (Scylla sp.) in the Coastal Communities of Bangladesh, Institute of Marine Sciences, Chittagong University."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2012.712224","article-title":"Height and biomass of mangroves in Africa from ICESat\/GLAS and SRTM","volume":"34","author":"Fatoyinbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721692","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.721692","article-title":"Fish Assemblages in a Small Mangrove System on Pr\u00edncipe Island, Gulf of Guinea","volume":"8","author":"Cravo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Sitoe, C. (2018). An\u00e1lise da Sustentabilidade do mangal no \u00c2mbito da Constru\u00e7\u00e3o de Infra-estruturas na Zona Costeira: Caso Costa do Sol. [Master\u2019s Thesis, University Eduardo Mondlane]."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2021.107432","article-title":"Mangrove carbon stocks in Pongara National Park, Gabon, Estuarine","volume":"259","author":"Trettin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16504","DOI":"10.3390\/rs71215838","article-title":"The Mangroves of the Zambezi Delta: Increase in Extent Observed via Satellite from 1994 to 2013","volume":"7","author":"Shapiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"FAO (1994). Mangrove Forest Management Guidelines. (FAO Forestry Paper 117), Food & Agriculture Org."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aye, W.N., Wen, Y., Marin, K., Thapa, S., and Tun, A.W. (2019). Contribution of Mangrove Forest to the Livelihood of Local Communities in Ayeyarwaddy Region, Myanmar. Forests, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/f10050414"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"217","article-title":"Mangrove Resources Uses by Local Community in Indonesia","volume":"6","author":"Kusmana","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pengelolaan Sumberd. Alam Dan Lingkung."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Bandeira, S., Macamo, C., Mabilana, H., and Muhanzule, R. (2016). Lesson learnet of mangrove restoration\u2013implemented in several provinces by MICOA\/MITADER (Danida). Intern. Report."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"9","article-title":"Women involvement, empowerment and control of non-timber mangrove forest products in Rivers State","volume":"8","author":"Olaleye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Niger. J. Agric. Food Environ."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Acharya, G. (2022, April 04). Life at the Margins: The Social, Economic and Ecological Importance of Mangroves. Instituto de Ecologia, A.C. Xalapa, M\u00e9xico. Available online: http:\/\/www.redalyc.org\/articulo.oa?id=61709803."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Teka, O., Houessou, G., Lougbegnon, O.T., Oumorou, M., and Sinsin, B. Mangrove Degradation and Endogenous Strategies for Participatory Restoration and Conservation in Benin. 2012. Rufford final report."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Perception of Mangrove Forest Protection and Utilization amongst Residents in Some Coastal Communities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Numbere","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Trends For. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"38","article-title":"Contribution of mangrove forest and socio-economic development of local communities in Kudat district, Sabah Malaysia","volume":"4","author":"Mojiol","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Trop. Resour. Sustain. Sci."}],"container-title":["Forests"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4907\/13\/9\/1466\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:29:45Z","timestamp":1760142585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4907\/13\/9\/1466"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["f13091466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/f13091466","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4907"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4907","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]}}}