{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T20:05:25Z","timestamp":1776110725381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]],"date-time":"2023-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"BP4PP\u2014Tamarillo breeding: better plants for better products","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"BP4PP\u2014Tamarillo breeding: better plants for better products","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"BP4PP\u2014Tamarillo breeding: better plants for better products","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04004\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04004\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"BP4PP\u2014Tamarillo breeding: better plants for better products","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020+ LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020+ LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04004\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04004\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020+ LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020+ LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"the R&amp;D Unit Centre for Functional Ecology\u2014Science for People and the Planet (CFE)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"the R&amp;D Unit Centre for Functional Ecology\u2014Science for People and the Planet (CFE)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"the R&amp;D Unit Centre for Functional Ecology\u2014Science for People and the Planet (CFE)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04004\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04004\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"the R&amp;D Unit Centre for Functional Ecology\u2014Science for People and the Planet (CFE)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020+ LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020+ LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032265"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/04004\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04004\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020+ LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020+ LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forests"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The urgent need to identify stress-tolerant genotypes and understand their inherent genetic plasticity is one of the major targets of research and breeding programs. Species that are cultivated in areas that are prone to drought need to be able to tolerate water stress (WS) while still displaying features that are economically valuable. Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) is a solanaceous fruit crop with increasing agronomic interest due to the nutritional properties of its edible fruits and its biotechnological potential. Several protocols have been established for the in vitro culture of this species and controlled hybridization, as well as for the induction of tetraploidy. Nevertheless, the impact of WS on S. betaceum performance has been poorly studied, and nothing is known about the role of ploidy status on this response. Since no morphological differences were noticed between diploids and tetraploids at the end of the acclimatization period, we hypothesized that ploidy level may have a role in plant drought responses. Thus, micropropagated and acclimatized tamarillo diploid (2n = 2x = 24) and tetraploid (4n = 4x = 48) plants were exposed to WS, and several physiological parameters were evaluated, such as plant growth, water potential, photosynthetic performance, sugars, proline, and MDA levels. Water stress did not affect plant growth in both diploids and tetraploids, but it induced stomatal closure and reduced the net CO2 assimilation rate. Water stress also reduced the photosynthetic efficiency of PSII, but no differences were found in the total chlorophyll content. From all the parameters analyzed, tetraploid plants showed a better response under water shortage conditions when considering water potential (WP). Metabolite analysis indicated no significant differences in the accumulation of soluble sugars and MDA in WS plants but a significant increase in proline accumulation in diploids exposed to WS. These observed differences in parameters such as WP and proline accumulation point to mechanisms of osmoregulation and stress signaling that differ between diploid and tetraploid plants, particularly in WS conditions, demonstrating that tetraploids can adapt better to water shortage conditions than their diploid counterparts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/f14020208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T02:27:45Z","timestamp":1674440865000},"page":"208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of Polyploidy on Physiological Performance of Acclimatized Solanum betaceum Cav. Plants under Water Deficit"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2151-3916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory Associate Terra, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory Associate Terra, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3440-659X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory Associate Terra, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8277-7061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7735-5131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gl\u00f3ria","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2299-298X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Canhoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory Associate Terra, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Meadows, L.R. (2021, May 18). Growing Tamarillo Relatives. The New Zealand Home Garden. Available online: www.naturalhub.com."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.07.009","article-title":"Characterization and thermal lability of carotenoids and vitamin C of tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.)","volume":"119","author":"Mertz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"2355","article-title":"Comparison of antioxidant properties of tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea), cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)","volume":"21","author":"Maisarah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Food Res. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.112.199711","article-title":"Integrative comparative analyses of transcript and metabolite profiles from pepper and tomato ripening and development stages uncovers species-specific patterns of network regulatory behavior","volume":"159","author":"Osorio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"177","article-title":"Micropropagation methods for blueberries and tamarillos","volume":"29","author":"Cohen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Comb. Proc. Int. Plant Prop. Soc."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Ghosh, S.N. (2016). Underutilized Fruit Crops: Importance and Cultivation, Jaya Publications. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2012.09.037","article-title":"Biotechnology of tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea): From in vitro cloning to genetic transformation","volume":"148","author":"Correia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01147","article-title":"Crop production under drought and heat stress: Plant responses and management options","volume":"8","author":"Fahad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-021-00218-2","article-title":"Northern Hemisphere drought risk in a warming climate","volume":"4","author":"Balting","year":"2021","journal-title":"Npj Clim. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trojak-Goluch, A., Kawka-Lipi\u0144ska, M., Wielgusz, K., and Praczyk, M. (2021). Polyploidy in industrial crops: Applications and perspectives in plant breeding. Agronomy, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11122574"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1153585","article-title":"Genomic plasticity and the diversity of polyploid plants","volume":"320","author":"Leitch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"3548","article-title":"Effect of water stress on growth of colchicine induced polyploid Coccinia palmata and Lagenaria sphaerica plants","volume":"7","author":"Ntuli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2010.10.012","article-title":"In vitro induced tetraploid of Dendranthema nankingense (Nakai) Tzvel. shows an improved level of abiotic stress tolerance","volume":"127","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2021.03.041","article-title":"Improved response of triploid citrus varieties to water deficit is related to anatomical and cytological properties","volume":"162","author":"Radia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12344","article-title":"Deciphering the molecular bases for drought tolerance in Arabidopsis autotetraploids","volume":"37","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11099-014-0020-2","article-title":"Different drought-stress responses in photosynthesis and reactive oxygen metabolism between autotetraploid and diploid rice","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photosynthetica"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0523.1992.tb00112.x","article-title":"Polyploidy and aneuploidy in the tamarillo, Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt. (Solanaceae). I. Spontaneous polyploidy and features of the euploids","volume":"108","author":"Pringle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plant Breed."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Antunes, P. (2010). Indu\u00e7\u00e3o de plantas tetrapl\u00f3ides atrav\u00e9s de tratamento com agentes c-mit\u00f3ticos no tamarilho (Cyphomandra betacea) e no medronheiro (Arbutus unedo). [Master\u2019s Thesis, University of Coimbra]."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869423","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.869423","article-title":"Impact of polyploidy on plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses","volume":"13","author":"Tossi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x","article-title":"A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures","volume":"15","author":"Murashige","year":"1962","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12110","article-title":"Water stress and recovery in the performance of two Eucalyptus globulus clones: Physiological and biochemical profiles","volume":"150","author":"Correia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00010-X","article-title":"Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structures and developmental stages","volume":"81","author":"Sims","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1007\/s004250050524","article-title":"Improving the thiobarbituric acid-reactive-substances assay for estimating lipid peroxidation in plant tissues containing anthocyanin and other interfering compounds","volume":"207","author":"Hodges","year":"1999","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erg277","article-title":"Proline induces the expression of salt-stress-responsive proteins and may improve the adaptation of Pancratium maritimum L. to salt-stress","volume":"54","author":"Khedr","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1992.tb08764.x","article-title":"Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants","volume":"84","author":"Irigoyen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/00380768.1991.10415017","article-title":"Redistribution of carbon and nitrogen compounds from the shoot to the harvesting organs during maturation in field crops","volume":"37","author":"Mitsuru","year":"1991","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koaa015","article-title":"Polyploidy: An evolutionary and ecological force in stressful times","volume":"33","author":"Ashman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2009.02997.x","article-title":"Genome duplication and the evolution of physiological responses to water stress","volume":"184","author":"Maherali","year":"2009","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1071\/FP09022","article-title":"Photosynthetic responses to chromosome doubling in relation to leaf anatomy in Lonicera japonica subjected to water stress","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Funct. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"130","article-title":"Principles of plant genetics and breeding","volume":"Volume 13","author":"Acquaah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Polyploidy in Plant Breeding"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"301","article-title":"Polyploid organisms. Science China Life","volume":"55","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7909.2007.00463.x","article-title":"Water and nutrient use efficiency in diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats","volume":"49","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-8472(03)00059-5","article-title":"Photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and some associated metabolic changes in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) during water stress and recovery","volume":"51","author":"Souza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2005.06.015","article-title":"Influence of transient shade periods on the effects of drought on photosynthesis, carbohydrate accumulation and lipid peroxidation in sunflower leaves","volume":"58","author":"Correia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1071\/FP02076","article-title":"Understanding plant responses to drought\u2013from genes to the whole plant","volume":"30","author":"Chaves","year":"2003","journal-title":"Funct. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-015-9372-8","article-title":"Roles of osmoprotectants in improving salinity and drought tolerance in plants: A review","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Sci. Bio Technol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ery437","article-title":"The metabolic response to drought","volume":"70","author":"Fernie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.4.5.8294","article-title":"Soluble sugars--metabolism, sensing and abiotic stress: A complex network in the life of plants","volume":"4","author":"Rosa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2010.07.008","article-title":"The effect of arsenic contamination on aminoacids metabolism in Spinacia oleracea L.","volume":"73","author":"Neuberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u017divanovi\u0107, B., Mili\u0107 Komi\u0107, S., Tosti, T., Vidovi\u0107, M., Proki\u0107, L., and Veljovi\u0107 Jovanovi\u0107, S. (2020). Leaf soluble sugars and free amino acids as important components of abscisic acid\u2014Mediated drought response in tomato. Plants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9091147"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2020.104232","article-title":"ABA-regulated ploidy-related genes and non-structural carbon accumulation may underlie cold tolerance in tetraploid Fragaria moupinensis","volume":"179","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelaal, K.A., EL-Maghraby, L.M., Elansary, H., Hafez, Y.M., Ibrahim, E.I., El-Banna, M., El-Esawi, M., and Elkelish, A. (2020). Treatment of sweet pepper with stress tolerance-inducing compounds alleviates salinity stress oxidative damage by mediating the physio-biochemical activities and antioxidant systems. Agronomy, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10010026"}],"container-title":["Forests"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4907\/14\/2\/208\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:12:51Z","timestamp":1760119971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4907\/14\/2\/208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["f14020208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/f14020208","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4907"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4907","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]}}}