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(FCT), Portugal","award":["337127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["337127"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland Flagship Forest-Human-Machine Interplay\u2014Building Resilience, Redefining Value Networks and Enabling MeaningfulExperiences (UNITE)","award":["FP7 Project no. 311919 KBBE.2012.1.2-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7 Project no. 311919 KBBE.2012.1.2-06"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland Flagship Forest-Human-Machine Interplay\u2014Building Resilience, Redefining Value Networks and Enabling MeaningfulExperiences (UNITE)","award":["IF-EF No 655815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF-EF No 655815"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland Flagship Forest-Human-Machine Interplay\u2014Building Resilience, Redefining Value Networks and Enabling MeaningfulExperiences (UNITE)","award":["UIDB\/00239\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00239\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland Flagship Forest-Human-Machine Interplay\u2014Building Resilience, Redefining Value Networks and Enabling MeaningfulExperiences (UNITE)","award":["337127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["337127"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forests"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The forest-based sector plays a significant role in supporting Europe on its pathway towards a more integrated and bio-based circular economy. Beyond the supply of timber, forest ecosystems offer a wide range of products and services beneficial to human wellbeing. Non-wood forest products (NWFPs) play an integral role in provisioning forest ecosystem services and constitute a huge portfolio of species from various taxonomic kingdoms. As diverse as the resources themselves is the list of end-products that may be derived from raw non-wood materials. Multiple value-chains of NWFPs provide benefits to actors across all stages of the supply chain. Forest management has not yet directed full attention towards NWFPs, since timber production remains the main management objective, although multi-purpose management is recognised as a key principle of the sector\u2019s sustainability paradigm. Lack of knowledge of the socio-economic relevance of NWFPs for European societies and diverse property rights frameworks increase the complexity in forest-based decision making additionally. In this study, the future potential of 38 NWFPs for diversifying the forest bioeconomy is investigated by means of multi-criteria analysis, including stakeholder interaction and expert involvement. The results for six case studies in different biogeographical zones in Europe indicate the latent opportunities NWFPs provide to forest owners who are willing to focus their management on the joint production of wood and non-wood resources as well as their value networks. This study intends to unravel perspectives for forest owners in particular, as they often represent principal decision makers in forest ecosystem management, act as main suppliers of NWFP raw materials, and thus can be understood as key stakeholders in a forest bioeconomy. Even though regional perspectives differ, due to varying socio-economic and ecological environments, there is huge potential to strengthen the economic viability of rural areas. Furthermore, sustainable co-production may foster the ecological integrity of forest ecosystems across Europe. Results show that wild mushrooms constitute the most widespread opportunity to increase additional income from forest management, but the most promising NWFPs can be found in the tree product, understorey plant and animal origin categories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/f14020420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T04:28:57Z","timestamp":1676867337000},"page":"420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Expert-Based Assessment of the Potential of Non-Wood Forest Products to Diversify Forest Bioeconomy in Six European Regions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Huber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Silviculture, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Kurttila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Yliopistokatu 6, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7905-7602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teppo","family":"Hujala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Wolfslehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Forest Institute, Governance Programme, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4753-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariola","family":"Sanchez-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forest Science (ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC), Crta. de la Coru\u00f1a, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pasalodos-Tato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9738-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"de-Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain"},{"name":"Joint Research Unit CTFC\u2014AGROTECNIO\u2014CERCA, Ctra de Sant Lloren\u00e7 de Morunys, km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2209-9374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Bonet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain"},{"name":"Joint Research Unit CTFC\u2014AGROTECNIO\u2014CERCA, Ctra de Sant Lloren\u00e7 de Morunys, km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4609-6864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre and Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Ed. M\u00e1rio de Azevedo Gomes, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0608-5784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose G.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre and Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Ed. M\u00e1rio de Azevedo Gomes, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristian Mihai","family":"Enescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 11464 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Lucian","family":"Dinca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry \u201dMarin Dr\u0103cea\u201d (INCDS), 77190 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5668-6967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harald","family":"Vacik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Silviculture, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wilkie, M.L., Holmgren, P., and Casta\u00f1eda, F. (2003). 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