{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T01:22:17Z","timestamp":1774574537936,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania","award":["VPS-2022-6-SBM\u016aRP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VPS-2022-6-SBM\u016aRP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forests"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of a monitoring system for the socio-economic indicators of private forest owners includes the comprehensive collection of various socio-economic data. These data encompass general information about private forests owners, the need for monitoring, periodicity, and other relevant factors. This holistic approach allows for a detailed assessment of the social and economic conditions of private forest owners, as well as the economic efficiency of their operations, ultimately aiming to achieve sustainable forest management. This research builds upon previous studies by the authors that investigated the need for monitoring of the socio-economic indicators of private forests and involved interviews with forest experts. Based on the data obtained from these earlier efforts, this study aims to present a refined methodology for monitoring of the socio-economic indicators of Lithuanian private forest owners. Based on the findings of this research, it is highly recommended that monitoring be implemented at the state level across the entire territory of the Republic of Lithuania. The results of this research show that the monitoring of the economic and social indicators of private forest owners benefits not only the owners but also the state and society as a whole. Residence size, property size, and association membership emerged as the most significant factors influencing the need for forest monitoring, while knowledge in forestry, distance to the forest, and gender showed weaker but still notable effects. The research results suggest that monitoring can help to ensure the sustainable management of forests and the maintenance of ecosystem services, in addition to contributing to the region\u2019s economic development. It is recommended that this monitoring be conducted every five years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/f15091657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T11:51:46Z","timestamp":1726746706000},"page":"1657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Development of a Methodology for the Monitoring of Socio-Economic Indicators of Private Forest Owners towards Sustainable Forest Management: The Case of Lithuania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5242-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mindaugas","family":"\u0160k\u0117ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, LT-58344 Akademija, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Asta","family":"Doftart\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landscape Engineering and Forestry Department, Lithuanian Engineering University of Applied Sciences, Liep\u0173 Str. 1, LT-53101 Girionys, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Perkumien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landscape Engineering and Forestry Department, Lithuanian Engineering University of Applied Sciences, Liep\u0173 Str. 1, LT-53101 Girionys, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1588-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Aleinikovas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, LT-58344 Akademija, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Aidanas","family":"Perkumas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Alytus, Kauno Kolegija Higher Education Institution, Pramones pr. 20, LT-50468 Kaunas, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2952-8859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lder Fernando Pedrosa e","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Matem\u00e1tica, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Computational and Stochastic Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2198-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alzira","family":"Pimenta Dinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fernando Pessoa Research, Innovation and Development Institute (FP-I3ID), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, Edif\u00edcio do Patronato, Rua da Matem\u00e1tica 49, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7649-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olegas","family":"Beriozovas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, LT-58344 Akademija, Lithuania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.02.066","article-title":"The importance of socio-ecological system dynamics in understanding adaptation to global change in the forestry sector","volume":"196","author":"Blanco","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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