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Regional Development Fund through COMPETE","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016820","PEst-C\/EQB\/UI0102\/2019","UIDB\/00102\/2020","UIDP\/00102\/2020","UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020","CEECINST\/00060\/2021","RECI\/QEQ-QFI\/0168\/2012","CENTRO-07-CT62-FEDER-002012","UID\/QUI\/00313\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016820","PEst-C\/EQB\/UI0102\/2019","UIDB\/00102\/2020","UIDP\/00102\/2020","UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020","CEECINST\/00060\/2021","RECI\/QEQ-QFI\/0168\/2012","CENTRO-07-CT62-FEDER-002012","UID\/QUI\/00313\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Rede Nacional de Resson\u00e2ncia Magn\u00e9tica Nuclear (RNRMN)","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016820","PEst-C\/EQB\/UI0102\/2019","UIDB\/00102\/2020","UIDP\/00102\/2020","UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020","CEECINST\/00060\/2021","RECI\/QEQ-QFI\/0168\/2012","CENTRO-07-CT62-FEDER-002012","UID\/QUI\/00313\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016820","PEst-C\/EQB\/UI0102\/2019","UIDB\/00102\/2020","UIDP\/00102\/2020","UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020","CEECINST\/00060\/2021","RECI\/QEQ-QFI\/0168\/2012","CENTRO-07-CT62-FEDER-002012","UID\/QUI\/00313\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016820","PEst-C\/EQB\/UI0102\/2019","UIDB\/00102\/2020","UIDP\/00102\/2020","UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020","CEECINST\/00060\/2021","RECI\/QEQ-QFI\/0168\/2012","CENTRO-07-CT62-FEDER-002012","UID\/QUI\/00313\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016820","PEst-C\/EQB\/UI0102\/2019","UIDB\/00102\/2020","UIDP\/00102\/2020","UIDB\/05704\/2020","UIDP\/05704\/2020","CEECINST\/00060\/2021","RECI\/QEQ-QFI\/0168\/2012","CENTRO-07-CT62-FEDER-002012","UID\/QUI\/00313\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forests"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The oleoresin and volatile fraction produced by conifers, such as Pinus pinaster, play a crucial role in plant defence, acting as precursors to resin acids and adapting in response to environmental stress or pathogen attacks. Abietadiene (abieta-7,13-diene), the biosynthetic precursor to abietic acid, has been identified as the most abundant compound in extracts from pinewood nematode (PWN)-infected P. pinaster trees. As abietadiene is not commercially available, this study aimed to achieve, for the first time, its isolation, structure elucidation, and detailed characterization from readily available forestry residues. Abietadiene was successfully isolated using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and its purity and identity were evaluated using multiple analytical techniques: gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). GC analysis indicated a purity of over 70% for the isolated compound, while LC provided the higher purity value of 98%. The identity of abietadiene was unequivocally confirmed through LC, FTIR, and NMR analysis. This work represents the first isolation and comprehensive characterization of abietadiene from a natural source, making detailed chemical data on this compound available to the scientific community. These findings may be used for future studies on the biological interactions and ecological roles of abietadiene, particularly in the context of plant defence and pathogen resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/f16010061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T13:37:51Z","timestamp":1735738671000},"page":"61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Abieta-7,13-Diene in Nematode-Infected Pinewood Pinus pinaster Branch Extracts: Isolation and the Elucidation and Characterization of Its Structure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5584-6324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa C.","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ESSLei\u2014School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"ciTechCare\u2014Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2414-016 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro F.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility (UC-NMR), Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9128-2557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui M. M.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility (UC-NMR), Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2629-7805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herm\u00ednio C.","family":"De Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4142-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara E. M.","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2006.01716.x","article-title":"Genes, enzymes and chemicals of terpenoid diversity in the constitutive and induced defence of conifers against insects and pathogens","volume":"170","author":"Keeling","year":"2006","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.52.1.689","article-title":"Defensive resin biosynthesis in conifers","volume":"52","author":"Trapp","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. 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