{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T23:58:32Z","timestamp":1778371112539,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Environmental Fund through Component 12\u2014Promotion of Sustainable Bioeconomy","award":["02\/C12- i01.01\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/C12- i01.01\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Environmental Fund through Component 12\u2014Promotion of Sustainable Bioeconomy","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Environmental Fund through Component 12\u2014Promotion of Sustainable Bioeconomy","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Environmental Fund through Component 12\u2014Promotion of Sustainable Bioeconomy","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/202019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/202019"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P., Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","award":["02\/C12- i01.01\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/C12- i01.01\/2022"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P., Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P., Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P., Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/202019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/202019"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB","award":["02\/C12- i01.01\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/C12- i01.01\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/202019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/202019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forests"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In line with environmental awareness movements and social concerns, the textile industry is prioritizing sustainability in its strategic planning, product decisions, and brand initiatives. The use of non-biodegradable materials, obtained from non-renewable sources, contributes heavily to environmental pollution throughout the textile production chain. As sustainable alternatives, considerable efforts are being made to incorporate biodegradable biopolymers derived from residual biomass, with reasonable production costs, to replace or reduce the use of synthetic petrochemical-based polymers. However, the commercial deployment of these biopolymers is dependent on high biomass availability and a cost-effective supply. Residual forest biomass, with lignocellulosic composition and seasonably available at low cost, constitutes an attractive renewable resource that might be used as raw material. Thus, this review aims at carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on the use of residual forest biomass as a source of new biomaterials for the textile industry, identifying current gaps or problems. Three specific biopolymers are considered: lignin that is recovered from forest biomass, and the bacterial biopolymers poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) and bacterial cellulose (BC), which can be produced from sugar-rich hydrolysates derived from the polysaccharide fractions of forest biomass. Lignin, PHA, and BC can find use in textile applications, for example, to develop fibers or technical textiles, thus replacing the currently used synthetic materials. This approach will considerably contribute to improving the sustainability of the textile industry by reducing the amount of non-biodegradable materials upon disposal of textiles, reducing their environmental impact. Moreover, the integration of residual forest biomass as renewable raw material to produce advanced biomaterials for the textile industry is consistent with the principles of the circular economy and the bioeconomy and offers potential for the development of innovative materials for this industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/f16010163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T12:27:54Z","timestamp":1737030474000},"page":"163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Biopolymers Derived from Forest Biomass for the Sustainable Textile Industry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4231-9576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana C.","family":"Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CITEVE\u2014Technological Centre for Textile and Clothing of Portugal, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalic\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9153-4080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioenergy and Biorefineries Unit, LNEG\u2014National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7124-354X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro C.","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAIZ\u2014Forest and Paper Research Institute, Eixo, 3801-501 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3581-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristiana A. V.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9430-4640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filomena","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6304-5105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry V.","family":"Evtyugin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7509-9135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla J.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITEVE\u2014Technological Centre for Textile and Clothing of Portugal, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalic\u00e3o, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s42824-023-00086-6","article-title":"Optimising Textile Biomaterial Selection for Sustainable Product and Circular Design: Practical Guidelines for a Greener Future","volume":"5","author":"Ferreira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. 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