{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:25:33Z","timestamp":1760059533635,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID\/04033","LA\/P\/0126\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04033","LA\/P\/0126\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biol\u00f3gicas","award":["UID\/04033","LA\/P\/0126\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04033","LA\/P\/0126\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forests"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mozambique\u2019s natural forests are increasingly affected by climate change, deforestation, and unsustainable exploitation, threatening both biodiversity and rural livelihoods. This study examines the wood anatomical characteristics of five commercially important tree species\u2014Spirostachys africana Sond., Afzelia quanzensis Welw., Millettia stuhlmannii Taub., Pterocarpus angolensis DC., and Colophospermum mopane (J. Kirk ex Benth.) J. L\u00e9onard\u2014to assess their vulnerability to drought, cyclones, and floods. The aim is to enhance current knowledge regarding their wood anatomy and to clarify how these anatomical traits could help to identify species most vulnerable to climate extremes. Wood samples were collected from native forests and analyzed in laboratories in Brazil and Portugal using standardized anatomical methods according to IAWA guidelines. The results show that Afzelia quanzensis, Millettia stuhlmannii, Pterocarpus angolensis, and Colophospermum mopane have solitary vessels with vestured pits and thick-walled fibers, which improve hydraulic conductivity and drought resistance. Colophospermum mopane shows the greatest anatomical adaptation to climatic stressors. By contrast, Spirostachys africana has narrow, grouped vessels and thin walls, indicating higher susceptibility to embolism and limited resilience. Cyclone resistance is associated with higher wood density and parenchyma abundance, which enhance mechanical stability and recovery. Flood resilience, however, appears to depend more on leaf and root adaptations than on wood anatomy alone. These findings highlight the role of wood structure in climate adaptability and underline the urgency of integrating anatomical data into forest management strategies to support the conservation and sustainable use of Mozambique\u2019s forest resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/f16061018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T10:45:26Z","timestamp":1750157126000},"page":"1018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Wood Anatomy Properties and Global Climate Change Constraints of Forest Species from the Natural Forest of Mozambique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Eug\u00e9nia","family":"Joaquim-Meque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o a Dist\u00e2ncia (IED), Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Mo\u00e7ambique (UCM), Rua Correia de Brito, N\u00ba 613, Pont\u00e2-Gea CP 90, Beira 2102, Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0991-1711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Louzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3606-2145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Tarc\u00edsio Moraes","family":"Mady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Florestais, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-005, AM, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Valqu\u00edria Clara Freire de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Florestais, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-005, AM, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6677-9366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida L. R.","family":"Liberato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6269-3605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa Fidalgo","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Conselho de Ministros (2017). 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