{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T07:26:24Z","timestamp":1773991584912,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]],"date-time":"2015-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["282887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["282887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forests"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While sustainable forestry in Europe is characterized by the provision of a multitude of forest ecosystem services, there exists no comprehensive study that scrutinizes their sensitivity to forest management on a pan-European scale, so far. We compile scenario runs from regionally tailored forest growth models and Decision Support Systems (DSS) from  20 case studies throughout Europe and analyze whether the ecosystem service provision depends on management intensity and other co-variables, comprising regional affiliation, social environment, and tree species composition. The simulation runs provide information about the case-specifically most important ecosystem services in terms of appropriate indicators. We found a strong positive correlation between management intensity and wood production, but only weak correlation with protective and socioeconomic forest functions. Interestingly, depending on the forest region, we found that biodiversity can react in both ways, positively and negatively, to increased management intensity. Thus, it may be in tradeoff or in synergy with wood production and forest resource maintenance. The covariables species composition and social environment are of punctual interest only, while the affiliation to a certain region often makes an important difference in terms of an ecosystem service\u2019s treatment sensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/f6051666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]],"date-time":"2015-05-13T12:42:07Z","timestamp":1431520927000},"page":"1666-1695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["How Sensitive Are Ecosystem Services in European Forest Landscapes to Silvicultural Treatment?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9700-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Biber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Forest Yield Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising 85354, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0608-5784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Center, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda,  Lisbon 1349-017, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Moshammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Forest Yield Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising 85354, Germany"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Center, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda,  Lisbon 1349-017, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6661-190X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigite","family":"Botequim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Center, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda,  Lisbon 1349-017, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Brodrechtov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Management of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24 Zvolen 960 53, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Vilis","family":"Brukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, Alnarp 23053, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0669-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gherardo","family":"Chirici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura, 13, Firenze 50145, Italy"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Cordero-Debets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic European Regional Office of the European Forest Institute\u2014EFIATLANTIC, Cestas cedex 33612, France"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Corrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD Forestry, School of Agriculture & Food Science, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Ljusk","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ume\u00e5 901 83, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Favero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Universit\u00e0 di Padova, Agripolis,  v.le dell'Universit\u00e0 16, Legnaro I-35020, Italy"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Galev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., Sofia 1756, Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Garcia-Gonzalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Center, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda,  Lisbon 1349-017, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Geerten","family":"Hengeveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, and Alterra\u2014Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Drovendaalsesteeg 3, Wageningen 6708PB, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Kavaliauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentu 11, Akademija, Kaunas Distr. LT-53361, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio (DiBT), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche 86090, Isernia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7922-5680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susete","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Center, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda,  Lisbon 1349-017, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gintautas","family":"Mozgeris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentu 11, Akademija, Kaunas Distr. LT-53361, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0669-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rudolf","family":"Navr\u00e1til","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Management and Geodesy, Technical University in Zvolen,  T.G. Masaryka 24 Zvolen 960 53, Slovakia"},{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 1176, 165 21 Prague 6\u2014Suchdol, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3883-4559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarten","family":"Nieuwenhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD Forestry, School of Agriculture & Food Science, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1989-4289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Orazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic European Regional Office of the European Forest Institute\u2014EFIATLANTIC, Cestas cedex 33612, France"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Paligorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., Sofia 1756, Bulgaria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7403-9560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Pettenella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Universit\u00e0 di Padova, Agripolis,  v.le dell'Universit\u00e0 16, Legnaro I-35020, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0669-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"Sedm\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Management and Geodesy, Technical University in Zvolen,  T.G. Masaryka 24 Zvolen 960 53, Slovakia"},{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 1176, 165 21 Prague 6\u2014Suchdol, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"Smre\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Management and Geodesy, Technical University in Zvolen,  T.G. Masaryka 24 Zvolen 960 53, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Andrius","family":"Stanislovaitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentu 11, Akademija, Kaunas Distr. LT-53361, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6242-8593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Center, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda,  Lisbon 1349-017, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3810-3561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renats","family":"Trubins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, Alnarp 23053, Sweden"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1n","family":"Tu\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Management and Geodesy, Technical University in Zvolen,  T.G. Masaryka 24 Zvolen 960 53, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Vizzarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio (DiBT), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche 86090, Isernia, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Wallin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, Alnarp 23053, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4958-1868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Pretzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Forest Yield Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising 85354, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Salln\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, Alnarp 23053, Sweden"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Von Gadow, K., Pukkala, T., and Tom\u00e9, M. 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