{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T11:33:33Z","timestamp":1767008013768,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004564","name":"Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnolo\u0161kog Razvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TR37008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR37008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement \u2013 \u201cPest Organisms Threatening Europe - POnTE\u201d","award":["635646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["635646"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPhytophthora Research Centre\u201d, funded by the Czech Ministry for Education, Youth and Sports and the European Regional Development Fund","award":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/ 15_003\/0000453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/ 15_003\/0000453"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forests"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During a survey in three declining and three healthy poplar plantations in Serbia, six different Phytophthora species were obtained. Phytophthora plurivora was the most common, followed by P. pini, P. polonica, P. lacustris, P. cactorum, and P. gonapodyides. Pathogenicity of all isolated species to four-month and one-year-old cuttings of Populus hybrid clones I-214 and P\u00e1nnonia, respectively, was tested using both a soil infestation and stem inoculation test. Isolates of P. polonica, P. \u00d7 cambivora, P. cryptogea, and P. \u00d7 serendipita from other host plants were included as a comparison. In the soil infestation test, the most aggressive species to clone I-214 were P. plurivora, P. \u00d7 serendipita, and P. pini. On clone P\u00e1nnonia, P. gonapodyides and P. pini were the most aggressive, both causing 100% mortality, followed by P. cactorum, P. \u00d7 cambivora, and P. polonica. In the underbark inoculation test, the susceptibility of both poplar clones to the different Phytophthora species was largely similar, as in the soil infestation test, with the exception of P. polonica, which proved to be only weakly pathogenic to poplar bark. The most aggressive species to clone I-214 was P. pini, while on clone P\u00e1nnonia, the longest lesions and highest disease incidence were caused by P. gonapodyides. Phytophthora cactorum and P. plurivora were pathogenic to both clones, whereas P. \u00d7 cambivora showed only weak pathogenicity. The implications of these findings and possible pathways of dispersion of the pathogens are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/f9060330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T07:38:15Z","timestamp":1528270695000},"page":"330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Isolation and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora Species from Poplar Plantations in Serbia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2792-0221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Milenkovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytophthora Research Centre, Mendel University in Brno, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Vi\u0161eslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Nenad","family":"Ke\u010da","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Vi\u0161eslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Dragan","family":"Karad\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Vi\u0161eslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Zlatan","family":"Radulovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Kneza Vi\u0161eslava 3, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Justyna A.","family":"Nowakowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, W\u00f3ycickiego 1\/3 Street, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4688-2582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Oszako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry, Bia\u0142ystok University of Technology, Marsza\u0142ka J. Pi\u0142sudskiego 1A, 17-200 Hajn\u00f3wka, Poland"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Institute-IBL, Braci Le\u015bnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Corcobado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytophthora Research Centre, Mendel University in Brno, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytophthora Research Centre, Mendel University in Brno, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Phytophthora Research and Consultancy, Am Rain 9, 83131 Nussdorf, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beakes, G.W., Thines, M., and Honda, D. (2015). Straminipile \u201cFungi\u201d\u2009\u2013\u2009Taxonomy. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (eLS), John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470015902.a0001984"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Erwin, D.C., and Ribeiro, O.K. (1996). Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide, American Phytopathological Society (APS) Press."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamour, K. (2013). The impact of invasive Phytophthora species on European forests. Phytophthora: A Global Perspective, CABI.","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780640938.0000"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/efp.12239","article-title":"Widespread Phytophthora infestations in European nurseries put forest, semi-natural and horticultural ecosystems at high risk of Phytophthora diseases","volume":"46","author":"Jung","year":"2016","journal-title":"For. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3767\/persoonia.2018.40.08","article-title":"Canker and decline diseases caused by soil- and airborne Phytophthora species in forests and woodlands","volume":"40","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2008.01886.x","article-title":"The biosecurity threat to the UK and global environment from international plant trade","volume":"57","author":"Brasier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamour, K. (2013). Phytophthora in woody ornamental nurseries. Phytophthora: A Global Perspective, CABI.","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780640938.0000"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamour, K. (2013). Globalization and Phytophthora. Phytophthora: A Global Perspective, CABI.","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780640938.0000"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"145","article-title":"Net present value and internal rate of return as indicators for assessment of cost-efficiency of poplar plantations: A Serbian case study","volume":"14","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. For. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"7","article-title":"The growing stock of the Republic of Serbia\u2014State and problems","volume":"100","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull. Fac. For."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2008.01970.x","article-title":"Phytophthora cactorum causing bleeding canker of common beech, horse chestnut, and white poplar in the Czech Republic","volume":"58","author":"Cerny","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"130","article-title":"Vrste roda Phytophthora na bukvi i topolama u Hrvatskoj (Phytophthora species on beech and poplars in Croatia)","volume":"135","author":"Pernek","year":"2011","journal-title":"\u0160umar. List"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.17221\/13\/2014-JFS","article-title":"Mycological complex of poplars in Serbia","volume":"61","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. For. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0329.1996.tb00846.x","article-title":"Isolation, identification and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from declining oak stands","volume":"26","author":"Jung","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. For. Path."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0329.2008.00566.x","article-title":"Beech decline in Central Europe driven by the interaction between Phytophthora infections and climatic extremes","volume":"39","author":"Jung","year":"2009","journal-title":"For. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3059.2000.00521.x","article-title":"Involvement of soilborne Phytophthora species in Central European oak decline and the effect of site factors on the disease","volume":"49","author":"Jung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Stamps, D.J., Waterhouse, G.M., Newhook, F.J., and Hall, G.S. (1990). Revised Tabular Key to the Species of Phytophthora, CAB International Mycological Institute. Mycological Papers 162."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1017\/S0953756298007734","article-title":"Phytophthora quercina sp. nov., causing root rot of European oaks","volume":"103","author":"Jung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mycol. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00349.x","article-title":"Phytophthora polonica, a new species isolated from declining Alnus glutinosa stands in Poland","volume":"261","author":"Belbahri","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3767\/003158509X442612","article-title":"Re-evaluation of Phytophthora citricola isolates from multiple woody hosts in Europe and North America reveals a new species, Phytophthora plurivora sp. nov","volume":"22","author":"Jung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3852\/10-058","article-title":"Phytophthora pini Leonian resurrected to distinct species status","volume":"103","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2012.02638.x","article-title":"The morphology, behaviour and molecular phylogeny of Phytophthora taxon Salixsoil and its redesignation as Phytophthora lacustris sp. nov","volume":"62","author":"Nechwatal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J., and White, T.J. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1006\/fgbi.2000.1202","article-title":"A molecular phylogeny of Phytophthora and related oomycetes","volume":"30","author":"Cooke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","article-title":"MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0","volume":"30","author":"Tamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269915X05004052","article-title":"Involvement of Phytophthora spp. in the decline of European beech in Europe and the USA","volume":"19","author":"Jung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mycologist"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01226.x","article-title":"Phytophthora irrigata, a new species isolated from irrigation reservoirs and rivers in Eastern United States of America","volume":"285","author":"Hong","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-94-8-1009","article-title":"Aggressiveness of Phytophthora cactorum, P. citricola I and P. plurivora from European beech","volume":"94","author":"Weiland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/02827581.2012.756926","article-title":"Infectivity, survival and pathology of Finnish strains of Phytophthora plurivora and Ph. pini in Norway spruce","volume":"28","author":"Lilja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.5598\/imafungus.2017.08.02.09","article-title":"An expanded phylogeny for the genus Phytophthora","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IMA Fungus"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Kovacs, J., Lakatos, F., and Szabo, I. (2012, January 26\u201327). The role of Phytophthora species in the decline of Black walnut stands. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on Sustainable Development and Ecological Footprint, Sopron, Hungary."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-014-0331-5","article-title":"Occurrence of Phytophthora plurivora and other Phytophthora species in oak forests of southern Poland and their association with site conditions and the health status of trees","volume":"59","author":"Jankowiak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Milenkovi\u0107, I., Ke\u010da, N., Karad\u017ei\u0107, D., Radulovi\u0107, Z., Milanovi\u0107, S., Tom\u0161ovsky, M., and Jung, T. (2018). Phytophthora diversity in natural ecosystems in Serbia and Montenegro, Unpublished work."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2006.01743.x","article-title":"A conceptual model for the development of Phytophthora disease in Quercus robur","volume":"171","year":"2006","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-8137.2003.00734.x","article-title":"Pathogenicity of Swedish isolates of Phytophthora quercina to Quercus robur in two different soil types","volume":"158","author":"Jung","year":"2003","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2005.01228.x","article-title":"Relationships between Quercus robur health, occurrence of Phytophthora species and site conditions in southern Sweden","volume":"54","author":"Jung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1017\/S095375620300738X","article-title":"Multiple new phenotypic taxa from trees and riparian ecosystems in Phytophthora gonapodyides\u2014P. megasperma ITS Clade 6, which tend to be high-temperature tolerant and either inbreeding or sterile","volume":"17","author":"Brasier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mycol. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3767\/003158511X557577","article-title":"Multiple new Phytophthora species from ITS Clade 6 associated with natural ecosystems in Australia: Evolutionary and ecological implications","volume":"26","author":"Jung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.5197\/j.2044-0588.2010.022.033","article-title":"First report of Phytophthora gonapodyides involved in the decline of Quercus ilex in xeric conditions in Spain","volume":"22","author":"Corcobado","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0329.2011.00714.x","article-title":"Phytophthora root and collar rot of mature Fraxinus excelsior in forest stands in Poland and Denmark","volume":"41","author":"Orlikowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"For. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"125","article-title":"Procedure for underground water calculation regime of Pedunculate oak habitat in Plain Srem (in Serbian with English summary)","volume":"101","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull. Fac. For."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/efp.12015","article-title":"Identification of Phytophthora species baited and isolated from forest soil and streams in northwestern Yunnan province, China","volume":"43","author":"Huai","year":"2013","journal-title":"For. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s13313-012-0195-6","article-title":"Fishing for Phytophthora from Western Australia\u2019 s waterways: A distribution and diversity survey","volume":"42","author":"Hueberli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Australas. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.3852\/09-221","article-title":"2010: Co-occurrence and genotypic distribution of Phytophthora species recovered from watersheds and plant nurseries of eastern Tennessee","volume":"102","author":"Hulvey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.12564","article-title":"Diversity of Phytophthora species in natural ecosystems of Taiwan and association with disease symptoms","volume":"66","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2013.03.004","article-title":"Characterization of Phytophthora hybrids from ITS clade 6 associated with riparian ecosystems in South Africa and Australia","volume":"117","author":"Nagel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fungal Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.5598\/imafungus.2013.04.01.12","article-title":"Surveys of soil and water reveal a goldmine of Phytophthora diversity in South African natural ecosystems","volume":"4","author":"Oh","year":"2013","journal-title":"IMA Fungus"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3852\/10-013","article-title":"Phytophthora species in forest streams in Oregon and Alaska","volume":"103","author":"Reeser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.3852\/13-010","article-title":"2013: Oomycetes baited from streams in Tennessee 2010\u20132012","volume":"105","author":"Shrestha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-92-8-1201","article-title":"Pathogenicity to ornamental plants of some existing species and new taxa of Phytophthora from irrigation water","volume":"92","author":"Hong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2010.02323.x","article-title":"Phytophthora hydropathica, a new pathogen identified from irrigation water, Rhododendron catawbiense and Kalmia latifolia","volume":"59","author":"Hong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0032-0862.2004.00957.x","article-title":"2004: Phytophthora root and collar rot of alders in Bavaria: Distribution, modes of spread and possible management strategies","volume":"53","author":"Jung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"125","article-title":"Water as potential source of Phytophthora citricola","volume":"47","author":"Orlikowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Plant Prot. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.5248\/126.167","article-title":"Phytophthora virginiana sp. nov., a high temperature tolerant species from irrigation water in Virginia","volume":"126","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mycotaxon"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7471.1000180","article-title":"Phytophthora mississippiae sp. nov., a new species recovered from irrigation reservoirs at a plant nursery in Mississippi","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Plant Pathol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, X., Richardson, P.A., and Hong, C. (2014). Phytophthora \u00d7stagnum nothosp. nov., a new hybrid from irrigation reservoirs at ornamental plant nurseries in Virginia. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103450"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2008.01930.x","article-title":"Multiple alien Phytophthora taxa discovered on diseased ornamental plants in Spain","volume":"58","author":"Moralejo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1071\/AP01012","article-title":"The future of phosphite as a fungicide to control the soilborne plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi in natural ecosystems","volume":"30","author":"Hardy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Australas. Plant Path."}],"container-title":["Forests"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4907\/9\/6\/330\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:07:29Z","timestamp":1760195249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4907\/9\/6\/330"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["f9060330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/f9060330","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4907"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4907"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]}}}