{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:24:30Z","timestamp":1760145870179,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NOTS\u2014NitroOrganic to Soils","award":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000020","UIDB\/00239\/2020","LA\/P\/0092\/2020","2020.06612.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000020","UIDB\/00239\/2020","LA\/P\/0092\/2020","2020.06612.BD"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal","award":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000020","UIDB\/00239\/2020","LA\/P\/0092\/2020","2020.06612.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000020","UIDB\/00239\/2020","LA\/P\/0092\/2020","2020.06612.BD"]}]},{"name":"Laboratory for Sustainable Land Use and Ecosystem Services\u2014TERRA","award":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000020","UIDB\/00239\/2020","LA\/P\/0092\/2020","2020.06612.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000020","UIDB\/00239\/2020","LA\/P\/0092\/2020","2020.06612.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000020","UIDB\/00239\/2020","LA\/P\/0092\/2020","2020.06612.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000020","UIDB\/00239\/2020","LA\/P\/0092\/2020","2020.06612.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fermentation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Agricultural production in the Azores primarily focuses on the livestock sector, notably, dairy production, where cows graze year-round in a rotational system. To maintain pasture productivity, farmers often rely on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, which have adverse environmental impacts like ammonia emissions and nitrate leaching. Alternatively, nitrogen-fixing crops like legumes are explored as green manures to enhance soil quality and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. The traditional practice of using mixed forages of legumes and grasses, known as \u201coutonos\u201d or intercrops, has been crucial but is declining over time. These mixtures include plants such as lupins, Vicia faba, oats, and vetch, noted for their adaptability and nitrogen-fixing ability. Due to the high perishability of these crops, effective conservation strategies like ensiling are essential to preserve forage nutritional quality through controlled fermentation. This study evaluates the productivity and quality of intercrop forages in the Azores, focusing on fresh samples and silage prepared with wilting times of 0, 24, 48, and 96 h, followed by comprehensive chemical analyses. Results showed significant changes in fiber components (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin) with increased wilting time, leading to reduced digestibility. However, wilting improved dry matter content.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation10090448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T11:54:10Z","timestamp":1724846050000},"page":"448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of Wilting Time on the Chemical Composition, Biological Profile, and Fermentative Quality of Cereal and Legume Intercropping Silage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6655-8109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana Maduro","family":"Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology, Faculty of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capit\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o d\u2019\u00c1vila, 9700\u2013042 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9935-851X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lder","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology, Faculty of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capit\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o d\u2019\u00c1vila, 9700\u2013042 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology, Faculty of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capit\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o d\u2019\u00c1vila, 9700\u2013042 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology, Faculty of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capit\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o d\u2019\u00c1vila, 9700\u2013042 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Madruga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology, Faculty of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capit\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o d\u2019\u00c1vila, 9700\u2013042 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8481-791X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Borba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology, Faculty of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capit\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o d\u2019\u00c1vila, 9700\u2013042 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1071\/AR98014","article-title":"The current and future role of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy in animal nutrition: A review","volume":"50","author":"Givens","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aust. 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