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However, studies on acidogenic fermentation using lipidic substrates are scarce. In this work, it was hypothesized that spent frying oil (SFO) could be used as a substrate for SCOA production via MMCs. In this study, oleic acid was used as a model molecule. The characterization of SFO revealed that it is mainly composed of oleic acid (81%), with minor amounts of palmitic, linoleic, and stearic acids. Different MMCs and food-to-microorganism (F\/M) ratios were tested. MMCs collected in the aerobic tank of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (AES), at a 1:1 F\/M, allowed to obtain the highest SCOA concentration (1.50 g COD\/L) and the most diverse profile of SCOAs, with the production of acetic, propionic, butyric, iso-butyric, and valeric acids at 48:17:9:13:13% on a molar basis, respectively. This variety of odd and even SCOAs is of upmost importance, with potential applications in producing PHAs. This work can be considered a starting point for future acidogenic fermentation studies using lipid-based substrates and for the future production of PHAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation9110975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:47:48Z","timestamp":1700009268000},"page":"975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Employing Spent Frying Oil as a Feedstock to Produce Short-Chain Organic Acids Using Mixed Microbial Cultures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1392-6262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7531-9724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Petronilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real, Department of Chemistry, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5802-1777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa S.","family":"Serafim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2022.108319","article-title":"New insights in food waste, sewage sludge and green waste anaerobic fermentation for short-chain volatile fatty acids production: A review","volume":"10","author":"Battista","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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