{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:12:02Z","timestamp":1773925922240,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Future Internet"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban planning has a considerable impact on the economic performance of cities and on the quality of life of their populations. Efficiency at this level has been hampered by the lack of integrated tools to adequately describe urban space in order to formulate appropriate design solutions. This paper describes an ontology called LBCS-OWL2 specifically developed to overcome this flaw, based on the Land Based Classification Standards (LBCS), a comprehensive and detailed land use standard to describe the different dimensions of urban space. The goal is to provide semantic and computer-readable land use descriptions of geo-referenced spatial data. This will help to make programming strategies available to those involved in the urban development process. There are several advantages to transferring a land use standard to an OWL2 land use ontology: it is modular, it can be shared and reused, it can be extended and data consistency maintained, and it is ready for integration, thereby supporting the interoperability of different urban planning applications. This standard is used as a basic structure for the \u201cCity Information Modelling\u201d (CIM) model developed within a larger research project called City Induction, which aims to develop a tool for urban planning and design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fi4010065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T11:23:12Z","timestamp":1325848992000},"page":"65-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A Land Use Planning Ontology: LBCS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Nuno","family":"Montenegro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Architecture, Technical University of Lisbon (TULisbon), Rua S\u00e1 Nogueira, P\u00f3lo Universit\u00e1rio, Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa 1349-055, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon\u2014LabMag (FCUL), Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Urbano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon\u2014LabMag (FCUL), Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 P.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Architecture, Technical University of Lisbon (TULisbon), Rua S\u00e1 Nogueira, P\u00f3lo Universit\u00e1rio, Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa 1349-055, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harvey, D. (2009). Social Justice and the City, University of Georgia Press.","DOI":"10.1353\/book13205"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Montenegro, N., and Duarte, J.P. (2009, January 16\u201319). Computational Ontology of Urban Design. Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe \u201909), Istanbul, Turkey."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller Arisona, S., Wonka, P., Aschwanden, G., and Halatsch, J. (2011). Digital Urban Modelling and Simulation. Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS), Springer. in press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29758-8"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"American Planning Association. Land Based Classification System. Available online:http:\/\/www.planning.org\/lbcs\/."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Berners\u2013Lee, T., Hendler, J., and Lassila, O. (2001). Scientific American."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Prot\u00e9g\u00e9. Stanford Medical Informatics. 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Available online:http:\/\/www.planning.org\/lbcs\/implementation\/."}],"container-title":["Future Internet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/4\/1\/65\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:48:24Z","timestamp":1760219304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-5903\/4\/1\/65"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["fi4010065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi4010065","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-5903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-5903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]}}}