{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:48:54Z","timestamp":1760240934592,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fibers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work consists of using an optical fiber microsphere as a sensor for a wide range of curvature radii. The microsphere was manufactured in a standard fiber with an electric arc. In order to maximize system efficiency, the microsphere was spliced in the center of a taper. This work revealed that the variations of the wavelength where the maxima and minima of the spectrum are located varies linearly with the curvature of the system with a maximum sensitive of 580 \u00b1 20 (pm km). This is because the direction of the input beam in the microsphere depends on the system curvature, giving rise to interferometric variations within the microsphere.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fib7100087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T11:25:57Z","timestamp":1570620357000},"page":"87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fiber Microsphere Coupled in a Taper for a Large Curvature Range"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Paulo","family":"Robalinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"P. Robalinho and O. Fraz\u00e3o are with the INESC TEC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7680-1056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Fraz\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P. Robalinho and O. Fraz\u00e3o are with the INESC TEC and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5937","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.39.005937","article-title":"Silica microspheres array strain sensor","volume":"39","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13101","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.013101","article-title":"All-optical nanopositioning of high-Q silica microspheres","volume":"25","author":"Murphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Kieu, Q.K., and Veiko, V.P. (2004, January 2). Laser fabrication of optical microspheres. Proceedings of the Laser-Assisted Micro and Nanotechnologies 2003, St. Petersburg, Russia."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.3390\/ma7074878","article-title":"Fabrication of an Optical Fiber microsphere with a Diameter of Several Tens of Micrometers","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1364\/AOP.7.000168","article-title":"Whispering gallery mode sensors","volume":"7","author":"Foreman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Photonics"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.3390\/s110100785","article-title":"Optical Microspherical Resonators for Biomedical Sensing","volume":"11","author":"Soria","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensor"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, A.R., Afifia, A.N., and Tahaa, H. (2017, January 30). Optical signal processing and tracking of whispering gallery modes in real-time for sensing applications. Proceedings of the Integrated Photonics: Materials, Devices, and Applications IV, SPIE Microtechnologies, Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2265613"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17764","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.017764","article-title":"All-optical signal processing at ultra-low powers in bottle microresonators using the Kerr effect","volume":"18","author":"Rauschenbeutel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201000025","article-title":"WGM microresonators: Sensing, lasing and fundamental optics with microspheres","volume":"5","author":"Ward","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600265","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201600265","article-title":"Fluorescent and lasing whispering gallery mode microresonators for sensing applications","volume":"11","author":"Reynolds","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Yan, S.B., Wang, X.Q., Ma, K.Z., Zhang, A.F., Xue, C.Y., and Zhang, W.D. (2013, January 7\u201310). Fabrication and Analysis Optical Microsphere Cavity Based on High Q Erbium-doped. Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference Nano\/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), Suzhou, China."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salceda-Delgado, G., Mart\u00ednez-R\u00edos, A., Selvas-Aguilar, R., \u00c1lvarez-Tamayo, R.I., Castillo-Guzm\u00e1n, A., Ibarra-Escamilla, B., Duran-Ramirez, V.M., and Enriquez-Gomez, L.F. (2017). Adaptable Optical Fiber Displacement-Curvature Sensor Based on a Modal Michelson Interferometer with a Tapered Single Mode Fiber. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061259"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2011.2123086","article-title":"All-Fiber Curvature Sensor Based on Multimode Interference","volume":"23","author":"Gong","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, Y., Wei, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, C., Nie, X., Zhu, Z., and Liu, L. (2018). Surface-Plasmon-Resonance-Based Optical Fiber Curvature Sensor with Temperature Compensation by Means of Dual Modulation Method. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082608"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2012.2222865","article-title":"Curvature and Temperature Discrimination Using Multimode Interference Fiber Optic Structures\u2014A Proof of Concept","volume":"30","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."}],"container-title":["Fibers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6439\/7\/10\/87\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:28:35Z","timestamp":1760189315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6439\/7\/10\/87"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["fib7100087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fib7100087","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6439"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-6439"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]]}}}