{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:06:50Z","timestamp":1773014810962,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["within the framework of the Priority 2030 program and the use of equipment from the Center for High Technologies of BSTU n.a. V.G. Shukhov"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["within the framework of the Priority 2030 program and the use of equipment from the Center for High Technologies of BSTU n.a. V.G. Shukhov"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fibers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fibers of various origins are of great importance for the manufacture of new generation cement composites. The use of modified composite binders allows these highly efficient building materials to be used for 3D-printing of structures for various functional purposes. In this article, changes in building codes are proposed, in particular, the concept of the rheological technological index (RTI) mixtures is introduced, the hardware and method for determining which will reproduce the key features of real processes. An instrument was developed to determine a RTI value. The mixes based on composite binders and combined steel and polypropylene fibers were created. The optimally designed composition made it possible to obtain composites with a compressive strength of 93 MPa and a tensile strength of 11 MPa. At the same time, improved durability characteristics were achieved, such as water absorption of 2.5% and the F300 frost resistance grade. The obtained fine-grained fiber-reinforced concrete composite is characterized by high adhesion strength of the fiber with the cement paste. The microstructure of the developed composite, and especially the interfacial transition zone, has a denser structure compared to traditional concrete. The obtained materials, due to their high strength characteristics due to the use of a composite binder and combined fiber, can be recommended for use in high-rise construction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fib9120079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:43:22Z","timestamp":1638323002000},"page":"79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["3D-Printed Mortars with Combined Steel and Polypropylene Fibers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Valery","family":"Lesovik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Building Materials Science, Products and Structures, Belgorod State Technological University Named after V.G. Shukhov, 308012 Belgorod, Russia"},{"name":"Central Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation, 119331 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2279-1240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Fediuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4434-6295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mugahed","family":"Amran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16273, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, Amran University, Amran 9677, Yemen"}]},{"given":"Arbi","family":"Alaskhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Construction, Architecture and Design, Grozny State Oil Technical University Named after Academician M.D. Millionshchikov, 364000 Grozny, Russia"}]},{"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Volodchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Building Materials Science, Products and Structures, Belgorod State Technological University Named after V.G. Shukhov, 308012 Belgorod, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1151-0853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunasekaran","family":"Murali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Thanjavur 613001, India"}]},{"given":"Valery","family":"Uvarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation, Belgorod State Technological University Named after V.G. Shukhov, 308012 Belgorod, Russia"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Elistratkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Building Materials Science, Products and Structures, Belgorod State Technological University Named after V.G. Shukhov, 308012 Belgorod, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"External reinforcing of fiber concrete constructions by carbon fiber tapes","volume":"1","author":"Klyuyev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mag. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Impact of concrete quality works on concrete strength of monolithic constructions","volume":"1","author":"Zharikov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Constr. Mater. Prod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, M., Abbas, S., Salah, B., Akhter, J., Saleem, W., Haruna, S., Room, S., and Abdulkadir, I. (2021). Investigating Optimal Confinement Behaviour of Low-Strength Concrete through Quantitative and Analytical Approaches. 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