{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T09:21:53Z","timestamp":1778232113793,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":378,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101003890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101003890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["820655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["820655"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["334798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["334798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#PRE2019-089208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#PRE2019-089208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"HE project EXHAUSTION","award":["101003890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101003890"]}]},{"name":"HE project EXHAUSTION","award":["820655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["820655"]}]},{"name":"HE project EXHAUSTION","award":["334798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["334798"]}]},{"name":"HE project EXHAUSTION","award":["#PRE2019-089208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#PRE2019-089208"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland HEATCOST","award":["101003890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101003890"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland HEATCOST","award":["820655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["820655"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland HEATCOST","award":["334798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["334798"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland HEATCOST","award":["#PRE2019-089208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#PRE2019-089208"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","award":["101003890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101003890"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","award":["820655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["820655"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","award":["334798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["334798"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","award":["#PRE2019-089208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#PRE2019-089208"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fire"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a review of concepts related to wildfire risk assessment, including the determination of fire ignition and propagation (fire danger), the extent to which fire may spatially overlap with valued assets (exposure), and the potential losses and resilience to those losses (vulnerability). This is followed by a brief discussion of how these concepts can be integrated and connected to mitigation and adaptation efforts. We then review operational fire risk systems in place in various parts of the world. Finally, we propose an integrated fire risk system being developed under the FirEUrisk European project, as an example of how the different risk components (including danger, exposure and vulnerability) can be generated and combined into synthetic risk indices to provide a more comprehensive wildfire risk assessment, but also to consider where and on what variables reduction efforts should be stressed and to envisage policies to be better adapted to future fire regimes. Climate and socio-economic changes entail that wildfires are becoming even more a critical environmental hazard; extreme fires are observed in many areas of the world that regularly experience fire, yet fire activity is also increasing in areas where wildfires were previously rare. To mitigate the negative impacts of fire, those responsible for managing risk must leverage the information available through the risk assessment process, along with an improved understanding on how the various components of risk can be targeted to improve and optimize the many strategies for mitigation and adaptation to an increasing fire risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fire6050215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T01:36:48Z","timestamp":1684805808000},"page":"215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Towards an Integrated Approach to Wildfire Risk Assessment: When, Where, What and How May the Landscapes Burn"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5618-4759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Chuvieco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geology, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Geography and the Environment, Calle Colegios 2, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4049-9315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Yebra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fenner School of Environment & Society, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia"},{"name":"School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4394-6475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5283-4937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten","family":"Thonicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Domain 1 \u201cEarth System Analysis\u201d, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8161-835X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"G\u00f3mez-Gim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing & Geospatial Analytics, GMV Aerospace and Defence SAU, Isaac Newton 11, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"San-Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Commission\u2013Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9244-3487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duarte","family":"Oom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Commission\u2013Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ramona","family":"Velea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Sociology of Gorizia, 34170 Gorizia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6548-4830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florent","family":"Mouillot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 5175 CEFE, University de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2220-6857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan R.","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Fire Laboratory, Department of Forest Engineering, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5807-5820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana I.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Planning, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3680-9755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Planning, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0499-9726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Salis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4391-6804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marin","family":"Bugaric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9542-5746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail","family":"Sofiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4586-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeny","family":"Kadantsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0056-5629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis Z.","family":"Gitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Forest Management and Remote Sensing, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9370-5058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitris","family":"Stavrakoudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Forest Management and Remote Sensing, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Eftychidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Forest Management and Remote Sensing, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-0391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avi","family":"Bar-Massada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim, Kiryat Tivon 36006, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7100-7814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Neidermeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9946-1303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Pampanoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation Satellite Images Applications Laboratory (EOSIAL), School of Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University, 00138 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7472-4373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Lucrecia","family":"Pettinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geology, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Geography and the Environment, Calle Colegios 2, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1724-6173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima","family":"Arrogante-Funes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geology, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Geography and the Environment, Calle Colegios 2, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geology, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Geography and the Environment, Calle Colegios 2, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificaci\u00f3n, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CIDE-CSIC), Carretera CV-315 km. 10,7, 46113 Moncada, Spain"}]},{"given":"Domingos","family":"Viegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEIF\/ADAI, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-9-697-2017","article-title":"Global fire emissions estimates during 1997\u20132016","volume":"9","author":"Randerson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09935-y","article-title":"Four-fold increase in solar forcing on snow in western US burned forests since 1999","volume":"10","author":"Gleason","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-020-0085-3","article-title":"Vegetation fires in the Anthropocene","volume":"1","author":"Bowman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Earth Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111493","article-title":"A spatio-temporal active-fire clustering approach for global burned area mapping at 250 m from MODIS data","volume":"236","author":"Ramo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.08.005","article-title":"The Collection 6 MODIS Burned Area Mapping Algorithm and Product","volume":"217","author":"Giglio","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSE Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157139","article-title":"Building a small fire database for Sub-Saharan Africa from Sentinel-2 high-resolution images","volume":"845","author":"Chuvieco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam7672","article-title":"Using fire to promote biodiversity","volume":"355","author":"Kelly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa9932","article-title":"Increasing human dominance of tropical forests","volume":"349","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-02306-4","article-title":"Wildfires: Australia needs a national monitoring agency","volume":"584","author":"Bowman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0058","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-016-0058","article-title":"Human exposure and sensitivity to globally extreme wildfire events","volume":"1","author":"Bowman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forpol.2017.11.006","article-title":"Changes in potential wildland fire suppression costs due to restoration treatments in Northern Arizona Ponderosa pine forests","volume":"87","author":"Fitch","year":"2018","journal-title":"For. Policy Econ."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-021-01224-1","article-title":"Observed increases in extreme fire weather driven by atmospheric humidity and temperature","volume":"12","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tedim, F., Leone, V., Amraoui, M., Bouillon, C., Coughlan, M.R., Delogu, G.M., Fernandes, P.M., Ferreira, C., McCaffrey, S., and McGee, T.K. (2018). Defining Extreme Wildfire Events: Difficulties, Challenges, and Impacts. Fire, 1.","DOI":"10.3390\/fire1010009"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-021-03066-4","article-title":"Towards a comprehensive look at global drivers of novel extreme wildfire events","volume":"165","author":"Duane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"274","article-title":"A real-time risk assessment tool supporting wildland fire decision making","volume":"109","author":"Calkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. For."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson, M.P., MacGregor, D.G., and Calkin, D. (2016). Risk Management: Core Principles and Practices, and Their Relevance to Wildland Fire, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.","DOI":"10.2737\/RMRS-GTR-350"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s40725-019-00099-y","article-title":"Global Wildland Fire Management Research Needs","volume":"5","author":"Moore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. For. Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"UNISDR (2023, May 05). Technical Guidance for Monitoring and Reporting on Progress in Achieving the Global Targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Available online: https:\/\/www.undrr.org\/publication\/technical-guidance-monitoring-and-reporting-progress-achieving-global-targets-sendai."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Casajus Valles, A., Marin Ferrer, M., Poljan\u0161ek, K., and Clark, I. (2020). Integrating the risk management cycle, Science for Disaster Risk Management 2020: Acting Today, Protecting Tomorrow, UR 30183 EN."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"McGlade, J., Bankoff, G., Abrahams, J., Cooper-Knock, S., Cotecchia, F., Desanker, P., Erian, W., Gencer, E., Gibson, L., and Girgin, S. (2019). Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2019, UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Field, C.B., Barros, V.R., Dokken, D.J., Mach, K.J., Mastrandrea, M.D., Bilir, T.E., Chatterjee, M., Ebi, K.L., Estrada, Y.O., and Genova, R.C. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107415379"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Thywissen, K. (2006). Components of Risk: A Comparative Glossary, UNU-EHS."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"UNDRR (2022). Bangladesh INFORM Sub-National Risk Index 2022, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Poljan\u0161ek, K., Marin Ferrer, M., Clark, I., and De Groeve, T. (2017). Science for Disaster Risk Management 2017. Knowing Better and Losing Less, Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"UNISDR (2009). Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction, United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). Available online: http:\/\/www.unisdr.org\/files\/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"28","article-title":"A consistent wildland fire risk terminology is needed!","volume":"61","author":"Bachmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fire Manag. Today"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"FAO (1986). Wildland Fire Management Terminology. Terminologie de la Lutte Contre les Incendies de For\u00eat. Terminolog\u00eda del Control de Incendios en Tierras Incultas, Food and Agriculture Organization, Forestry Paper. Report n\u00ba 70."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Poljan\u0161ek, K., Mar\u00edn Ferrer, M., De Groeve, T., and Clark, I. (2023, May 06). Climatological risk: Wildfires, Science for Disaster Risk Management: Knowing Better and Losing Less, Available online: http:\/\/drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/portals\/0\/Knowledge\/ScienceforDRM\/ch03_s03\/ch03_s03_subch0310.pdf."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/02693799608902082","article-title":"Mapping the spatial distribution of forest fire danger using GIS","volume":"10","author":"Chuvieco","year":"1996","journal-title":"IJGIS Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Costa, H., de Rigo, D., Libert\u00e0, G., Houston Durrant, T., and San-Miguel-Ayanz, J. (2020). European Wildfire Danger and Vulnerability in a Changing Climate: Towards Integrating Risk Dimensions."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1139\/x89-161","article-title":"A study of interpolation methods for forest fire danger rating in Canada","volume":"19","author":"Flannigan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1071\/WF05091","article-title":"Integrating new methods and tools in fire danger rating","volume":"16","author":"Vasilakos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1071\/WF00015","article-title":"Comparative study of various methods of fire danger evaluation in southern Europe","volume":"9","author":"Viegas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10651-007-0084-2","article-title":"Interpreting and using outputs from the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System in research applications","volume":"16","author":"Wotton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Ecol. Stat."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zacharakis, I., and Tsihrintzis, V.A. (2023). Environmental Forest Fire Danger Rating Systems and Indices around the Globe: A Review. Land, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/land12010194"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1071\/WF12052","article-title":"Integrating geospatial information into fire risk assessment","volume":"23","author":"Chuvieco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-011-0461-0","article-title":"Integrated national-scale assessment of wildfire risk to human and ecological values","volume":"25","author":"Thompson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2008.11.017","article-title":"Development of a framework for fire risk assessment using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies","volume":"221","author":"Chuvieco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-010-1731-x","article-title":"Advancing effects analysis for integrated, large-scale wildfire risk assessment","volume":"179","author":"Thompson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2021.100274","article-title":"Wildfire risk modeling","volume":"23","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira, S., Gon\u00e7alves, A., Benali, A., S\u00e1, A., Z\u00eazere, J.L., and Pereira, J.M. (2020). Assessing Risk and Prioritizing Safety Interventions in Human Settlements Affected by Large Wildfires. Forests, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/f11080859"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8276.2005.00760.x","article-title":"Time to Burn: Modeling Wildland Arson as an Autoregressive Crime Function","volume":"87","author":"Prestemon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Agric. Econ."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Rothermel, R.C. (1972). A Mathematical Model for Predicting Fire Spread in Wildland Fuels, USDA, Forest Service. Research Paper INT-115."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothermel, R.C. (1983). How to Predict the Spread and Intensity of Forest and Range Fires, USDA, Forest Service, GTR INT-143.","DOI":"10.2737\/INT-GTR-143"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15888","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408439111","article-title":"Dynamic population mapping using mobile phone data","volume":"111","author":"Deville","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2009.07.051","article-title":"Wildfire risk in the wildland\u2013urban interface: A simulation study in northwestern Wisconsin","volume":"258","author":"Radeloff","year":"2009","journal-title":"For. Ecol Manag."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finney, M.A. (1998). FARSITE: Fire Area Simulator\u2013Model Development and Evaluation, USDA Forest Service. RMRS-RP-4.","DOI":"10.2737\/RMRS-RP-4"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-015-0919-6","article-title":"A fire modeling approach to assess wildfire exposure of valued resources in central Navarra, Spain","volume":"135","author":"Alcasena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Andrews, P.L., and Butler, B.W. (2006). Fuels Management-How to Measure Success: Conference Proceedings RMRS-P-41, Portland, OR, USA 28\u201330 March 2006, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1071\/WF09071","article-title":"Assessing the exposure of the built environment to potential ignition sources generated from vegetative fuel","volume":"19","author":"Beverly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1890\/04-1413","article-title":"The wildland-urban interface in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Radeloff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.03.058","article-title":"Assessing wildfire exposure in the Wildland-Urban Interface area of the mountains of central Argentina","volume":"196","author":"Radeloff","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2013.06.021","article-title":"Using structure locations as a basis for mapping the wildland urban interface","volume":"128","author":"Stewart","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2016.02.013","article-title":"Mapping regional patterns of large forest fires in Wildland\u2013Urban Interface areas in Europe","volume":"172","author":"Modugno","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2597","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.2597","article-title":"The wildland\u2013urban interface in the United States based on 125 million building locations","volume":"32","author":"Carlson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.10.003","article-title":"Mapping wildfire vulnerability in Mediterranean Europe. Testing a stepwise approach for operational purposes","volume":"206","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8074","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1231335100","article-title":"A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science","volume":"100","author":"Turner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Kasperson, R.E., and Kasperson, J.X. (2001). Climate Change, Vulnerability and Social Justice, Stockholm Environment Institute."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-018-1023-8","article-title":"Ecosystem vulnerability review: Proposal of an interdisciplinary ecosystem assessment approach","volume":"61","author":"Weisshuhn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swanston, C.W., Janowiak, M.K., Brandt, L.A., Butler, P.R., Handler, S.D., Shannon, P.D., Derby Lewis, A., Hall, K., Fahey, R.T., and Scott, L. (2016). Forest Adaptation Resources: Climate Change Tools and Approaches for Land Managers, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.2737\/NRS-GTR-87-2"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.11.009","article-title":"Ecological vulnerability in risk assessment\u2014A review and perspectives","volume":"408","author":"Sala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2015.07.001","article-title":"Ecological vulnerability indicators","volume":"60","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2018.01.013","article-title":"Towards a Comparable Quantification of Resilience","volume":"33","author":"Ingrisch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-013-0831-7","article-title":"Rethinking the relationships of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation from a disaster risk perspective","volume":"70","author":"Lei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P.M. (2014). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020RG000726","DOI":"10.1029\/2020RG000726","article-title":"Global and Regional Trends and Drivers of Fire Under Climate Change","volume":"60","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3299","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-13-3299-2020","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of fire and vegetation properties in simulations with fire-enabled vegetation models from the Fire Model Intercomparison Project","volume":"13","author":"Hantson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade0805","article-title":"Record-high CO2 emissions from boreal fires in 2021","volume":"379","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5164","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14405","article-title":"Global patterns of interannual climate-fire relationships","volume":"24","author":"Abatzoglou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16006","article-title":"Global increase in wildfire risk due to climate-driven declines in fuel moisture","volume":"28","author":"Ellis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1071\/WF08187","article-title":"Implications of changing climate for global wildland fire","volume":"18","author":"Flannigan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1139\/x91-035","article-title":"Lightning-ignited forest fires in northwestern Ontario","volume":"21","author":"Flannigan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3329","article-title":"Lightning as a major driver of recent large fire years in North American boreal forests","volume":"7","author":"Veraverbeke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2012.04.002","article-title":"Lightning-caused fires in Central Spain: Development of a probability model of occurrence for two Spanish regions","volume":"162\u2013163","author":"Nieto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2020.107990","article-title":"Lightning-caused fires in the Alps: Identifying the igniting strokes","volume":"290","author":"Moris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1139\/x05-071","article-title":"A lightning fire occurrence model for Ontario","volume":"35","author":"Wotton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-16-595-2016","article-title":"The European lightning location system EUCLID\u2013Part 1: Performance analysis and validation","volume":"16","author":"Schulz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1973","DOI":"10.1002\/met.1973","article-title":"Using machine learning to predict fire-ignition occurrences from lightning forecasts","volume":"28","author":"Coughlan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Meteorol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Tymstra, C., Bryce, R.W., Wotton, B.M., Taylor, S.W., and Armitage, O.B. (2010). Development and Structure of Prometheus: The Canadian Wildland Fire Growth Simulation Model, Northern Forestry Centre. Information Report NOR-X-417."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1071\/WF14195","article-title":"Quantifying the effects of topographic aspect on water content and temperature in fine surface fuel","volume":"24","author":"Nyman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1071\/WF03050","article-title":"Fire spread in canyons","volume":"13","author":"Viegas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"Pyne, S.J., Andrews, P.L., and Laven, R.D. (1996). Introdution to Wildland Fire, Jonh Wiley & Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1139\/X07-175","article-title":"Quantifying physical characteristics of wildland fuels using the fuel characteristic classification system","volume":"37","author":"Riccardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"Barrows, J. (1951). Fire Behavior in the Northern Rocky Mountain Forests, 29."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1071\/WF01028","article-title":"Mapping wildland fuels for fire management across multiple scales: Integrating remote sensing, GIS, and biophysical modeling","volume":"10","author":"Keane","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2008.06.048","article-title":"Fire models and methods to map fuel types: The role of remote sensing","volume":"256","author":"Arroyo","year":"2008","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, H.E. (1982). Aids to Determining Fuel Models for Estimating Fire Behavior, USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report INT-122.","DOI":"10.2737\/INT-GTR-122"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scott, J., and Burgan, R.E. (2005). Standard Fire Behavior Fuel Models: A Comprehensive Set for Use with Rothermel\u2019s Surface Fire Spread Model, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.","DOI":"10.2737\/RMRS-GTR-153"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(00)00363-7","article-title":"Fire spread prediction in shrub fuels in Portugal","volume":"144","author":"Fernandes","year":"2001","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1139\/X07-077","article-title":"An overview of the Fuel Characteristic Classification System\u2013Quantifying, classifying, and creating fuelbeds for resource planning","volume":"37","author":"Ottmar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pettinari, M., and Chuvieco, E. (2017). Fire Behavior Simulation from Global Fuel and Climatic Information. Forests, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/f8060179"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prichard, S.J., Sandberg, D.V., Ottmar, R.D., Eberhardt, E., Andreu, A., Eagle, P., and Swedin, K. (2013). Fuel Characteristic Classification System Version 3.0: Technical Documentation, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest.","DOI":"10.2737\/PNW-GTR-887"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1071\/WF02018","article-title":"Mediterranean fuel models and potential fire behaviour in Greece","volume":"11","author":"Dimitrakopoulos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1071\/WF15081","article-title":"Predicting wildfire spread and behaviour in Mediterranean landscapes","volume":"25","author":"Salis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-011-0532-2","article-title":"Modeling Mediterranean forest fuels by integrating field data and mapping tools","volume":"131","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3832\/ifor3587-013","article-title":"Harmonized dataset of surface fuels under Alpine, temperate and Mediterranean conditions in Italy. A synthesis supporting fire management","volume":"13","author":"Ascoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iforest-Biogeosci. For."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruz, M.G., Gould, J.S., Hollis, J.J., and McCaw, W.L. (2018). A Hierarchical Classification of Wildland Fire Fuels for Australian Vegetation Types. Fire, 1.","DOI":"10.3390\/fire1010013"},{"key":"ref_98","unstructured":"Simard, A.J. (1968). The Moisture Content of Forest Fuels\u2013A Review of the Basic Concepts, Forest Fire Research Institute. FF-X-14."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.05.029","article-title":"A global review of remote sensing of live fuel moisture content for fire danger assessment: Moving towards operational products","volume":"136","author":"Yebra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1071\/WF06136","article-title":"Estimation of dead fuel moisture content from meteorological data in Mediterranean areas. Applications in fire danger assessment","volume":"16","author":"Aguado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jolly, W.M., and Johnson, D.M. (2018). Pyro-Ecophysiology: Shifting the Paradigm of Live Wildland Fuel Research. Fire, 1.","DOI":"10.3390\/fire1010008"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2018.07.031","article-title":"How well do meteorological drought indices predict live fuel moisture content (LFMC)? An assessment for wildfire research and operations in Mediterranean ecosystems","volume":"262","author":"Ruffault","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1071\/WF9920069","article-title":"Moisture content of fine forest fuels and fire occurrence in central Portugal","volume":"2","author":"Viegas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_104","unstructured":"Viegas, D.X., Viegas, T.P., and Ferreira, A.D. (1990, January 19\u201322). Characteristics of Some Forest Fuels and Their Relation to the Occurrence of Fires. Proceedings of the International Conference of Forest Fire Research, Coimbra, Portugal."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1139\/x04-101","article-title":"Conversion of fuel moisture content values to ignition potential for integrated fire danger assessment","volume":"34","author":"Chuvieco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011641601076","article-title":"Flammability assessment of Mediterranean forest fuels","volume":"37","author":"Dimitrakopoulos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fire Technol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1071\/WF15114","article-title":"A laboratory-based quantification of the effect of live fuel moisture content on fire spread rate","volume":"25","author":"Rossa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2012.11.001","article-title":"Are the applications of wildland fire behaviour models getting ahead of their evaluation again?","volume":"41","author":"Alexander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1071\/WF16049","article-title":"The effect of fuel moisture content on the spread rate of forest fires in the absence of wind or slope","volume":"26","author":"Rossa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4996\/fireecology.0801077","article-title":"Modelling fire ignition probability from satellite estimates of live fuel moisture content","volume":"8","author":"Jurdao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fire Ecol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1071\/WF18091","article-title":"Why is the effect of live fuel moisture content on fire rate of spread underestimated in field experiments in shrublands?","volume":"28","author":"Pimont","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0164-9","article-title":"Globe-LFMC, a global plant water status database for vegetation ecophysiology and wildfire applications","volume":"6","author":"Yebra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1071\/WF08020","article-title":"Prediction of fire occurrence from live fuel moisture content measurements in a Mediterranean ecosystem","volume":"18","author":"Chuvieco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2003.08.015","article-title":"Modeling seasonal changes in live fuel moisture and equivalent water thickness using a cumulative water balance index","volume":"88","author":"Dennison","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.01.004","article-title":"Regional estimation of woodland moisture content by inverting Radiative Transfer Models","volume":"132","author":"Jurdao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3867","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160500185342","article-title":"MODIS-derived visible atmospherically resistant index for monitoring chaparral moisture content","volume":"26","author":"Stow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, K., Quan, X., He, B., and Yebra, M. (2019). Effects of Live Fuel Moisture Content on Wildfire Occurrence in Fire-Prone Regions over Southwest China. Forests, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/f10100887"},{"key":"ref_118","unstructured":"Fox-Hughes, P., Yebra, M., Kumar, V., Dowdy, A., Hope, P., Peace, M., Narsey, S., Shokirov, S., Delage, F., and Zhang, H. (2021). Soil and Fuel Moisture Precursors of Fire Activity during the 2019\u201320 Fire Season, Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.07.001","article-title":"Linking ecological information and radiative transfer models to estimate fuel moisture content in the Mediterranean region of Spain: Solving the ill-posed inverse problem","volume":"113","author":"Yebra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.04.053","article-title":"A fuel moisture content and flammability monitoring methodology for continental Australia based on optical remote sensing","volume":"212","author":"Yebra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunill Camprub\u00ed, \u00c0., Gonz\u00e1lez-Moreno, P., and Resco de Dios, V. (2022). Live fuel moisture content mapping in the Mediterranean Basin using random forests and combining MODIS spectral and thermal data. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14133162"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.05.002","article-title":"Combining AVHRR and meteorological data for estimating live fuel moisture content in forest fire danger rating","volume":"112","author":"Garcia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160110069818","article-title":"Estimation of fuel moisture content from multitemporal analysis of Landsat Thematic Mapper reflectance data: Applications in fire danger assessment","volume":"23","author":"Chuvieco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s40725-020-00116-5","article-title":"Satellite Remote Sensing Contributions to Wildland Fire Science and Management","volume":"6","author":"Chuvieco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. For. Rep."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marino, E., Yebra, M., Guill\u00e9n-Climent, M., Algeet, N., Tom\u00e9, J.L., Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., and Hernando, C. (2020). Investigating live fuel moisture content estimation in fire-prone shrubland from remote sensing using empirical modelling and RTM simulations. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12142251"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2007.12.005","article-title":"Estimation of live Fuel Moisture Content from MODIS images for fire risk assessment","volume":"148","author":"Yebra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2004.01.019","article-title":"Combining NDVI and Surface Temperature for the estimation of live fuel moisture content in forest fire danger rating","volume":"92","author":"Chuvieco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-27-39-2023","article-title":"Estimating leaf moisture content at global scale from passive microwave satellite observations of vegetation optical depth","volume":"27","author":"Forkel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111797","article-title":"SAR-enhanced mapping of live fuel moisture content","volume":"245","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1109\/36.752209","article-title":"Monitoring tree moisture using an estimation algorithm applied to SAR data from BOREAS","volume":"37","author":"Moghaddam","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanase, M.A., Nova, J.P.G., Marino, E., Aponte, C., Tom\u00e9, J.L., Y\u00e1\u00f1ez, L., Madrigal, J., Guijarro, M., and Hernando, C. (2022). Characterizing Live Fuel Moisture Content from Active and Passive Sensors in a Mediterranean Environment. Forests, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/f13111846"},{"key":"ref_132","unstructured":"Younes, N., Yebra, M., Sharp, R., Lee, J.-U., Hughes, D., Gilbert, J., Grigoriev, A., Mathew, J., Griffin, D., and Barraclough, S. (2022). OzFuel Pre-Phase A Study. Space-Based Australian Forest Fuel Flammability Monitoring, The University of New South Wales."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilbao, B., Mistry, J., Mill\u00e1n, A., and Berardi, A. (2019). Sharing Multiple Perspectives on Burning: Towards a Participatory and Intercultural Fire Management Policy in Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana. Fire, 2.","DOI":"10.3390\/fire2030039"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1080\/1523908X.2013.766579","article-title":"Speaking of fire: Reflexive governance in landscapes of social change and shifting local identities","volume":"20","author":"Sletto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Policy Plan."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-021-00791-4","article-title":"Manage fire regimes, not fires","volume":"14","author":"Cochrane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_136","unstructured":"FAO (2007). Fire Management\u2013Global Assessment 2006. A Thematic Study Prepared in the Framework of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005, FAO. FAO Forestry Paper 151."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brotons, L., Aquilu\u00e9, N., De C\u00e1ceres, M., Fortin, M.-J., and Fall, A. (2013). How fire history, fire suppression practices and climate change affect wildfire regimes in Mediterranean landscapes. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062392"},{"key":"ref_138","unstructured":"Coughlan, M.R., Ellison, A., and Cavanaugh, A.H. (2019). Social Vulnerability and Wildfire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Literature Synthesis, Northwest Fire Science Consortium, University of Oregon."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-015-9679-6","article-title":"Exploring how alternative mapping approaches influence fireshed assessment and human community exposure to wildfire","volume":"82","author":"Scott","year":"2017","journal-title":"GeoJournal"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1071\/WF17026","article-title":"Human-caused fire occurrence modelling in perspective: A review","volume":"26","author":"Comas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s40725-018-0083-6","article-title":"Wildland Fire Prevention: A Review","volume":"4","author":"Hesseln","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. For. Rep."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2008.07.005","article-title":"Human-caused wildfire risk rating for prevention planning in Spain","volume":"90","author":"Chuvieco","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"075005","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/7\/075005","article-title":"The spatially varying influence of humans on fire probability in North America","volume":"11","author":"Parisien","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146361","article-title":"Human and climate drivers of global biomass burning variability","volume":"779","author":"Chuvieco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2999","article-title":"Demographic controls of future global fire risk","volume":"6","author":"Knorr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1071\/WF14208","article-title":"Anthropogenic effects on global mean fire size","volume":"24","author":"Hantson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2014.01.011","article-title":"Modeling the spatial variation of the explanatory factors of human-caused wildfires in Spain using geographically weighted logistic regression","volume":"48","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2022.106444","article-title":"Wildfire mitigation and adaptation: Two locally independent actions supported by different policy domains","volume":"124","author":"Canadas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-00896-2","article-title":"Why the US\u2013China trade war spells disaster for the Amazon","volume":"567","author":"Fuchs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forpol.2019.03.007","article-title":"Civil society engaged in wildfires: Mediterranean forest fire volunteer groupings","volume":"102","author":"Burns","year":"2019","journal-title":"For. Policy Econ."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2019.101123","article-title":"Geographic multi-criteria evaluation and validation: A case study of wildfire vulnerability in Western North Carolina, USA following the 2016 wildfires","volume":"39","author":"Andersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2019.04.006","article-title":"Social vulnerability to large wildfires in the western USA","volume":"189","author":"Palaiologou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallejo-Villalta, I., Rodr\u00edguez-Navas, E., and M\u00e1rquez-P\u00e9rez, J. (2019). Mapping Forest Fire Risk at a Local Scale\u2014A Case Study in Andalusia (Spain). Environments, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/environments6030030"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4108","article-title":"A human-driven decline in global burned area","volume":"356","author":"Andela","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-16-57-2019","article-title":"Emergent relationships on burned area in global satellite observations and fire-enabled vegetation models","volume":"16","author":"Forkel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-020-0552-3","article-title":"The natural capital framework for sustainable, efficient and equitable decision making","volume":"3","author":"Bateman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.002","article-title":"Changes in the global value of ecosystem services","volume":"26","author":"Costanza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"ref_158","unstructured":"La Notte, A., Vallecillo, S., Garcia Bendito, E., Grammatikopoulou, I., Czucz, B., Ferrini, S., Grizzetti, B., Rega, C., Herrando, S., and Villero, D. (2021). Ecosystem Services Accounting: Part III-Pilot Accounts for Habitat and Species Maintenance, On-Site Soil Retention and Water Purification, Publication Office of the European Commission."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.242","article-title":"The role of flagship species in the economic valuation of wildfire impacts: An application to two Mediterranean protected areas","volume":"675","author":"Zamora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2019.02.008","article-title":"Wildfire-induced reduction in the carbon storage of Mediterranean ecosystems: An application to brush and forest fires impacts assessment","volume":"76","author":"Herrera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Impact Assess. Rev."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635670","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2021.635670","article-title":"Valuation and appreciation of biodiversity: The \u201cmaintenance of options\u201d provided by the variety of life","volume":"9","author":"Faith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2019.100908","article-title":"Farmland abandonment decreases the fire regulation capacity and the fire protection ecosystem service in mountain landscapes","volume":"36","author":"Sil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_163","unstructured":"Viegas, D.X., and Ribeiro, L.M. (2022, January 11\u201318). Developing an Integrated Capitals Approach to Understanding Wildfire Vulnerability: Preliminary Considerations from a Literature Review. Proceedings of the IX International Conference on Forest Fire Research, Coimbra, Portugal."},{"key":"ref_164","unstructured":"Pearce, D.W., and Turner, R.K. (1990). Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment, Johns Hopkins University Press."},{"key":"ref_165","unstructured":"Turner, R., Badura, T., and Ferrini, S. (2019). Valuation, Natural Capital Accounting and Decision-Support Systems: Process, Tools and Methods, University of East Anglia Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1177\/0309133311423172","article-title":"Ecosystem services: Exploring a geographical perspective","volume":"35","author":"Potschin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Phys. Geogr. Earth Environ."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.05.131","article-title":"Wildfires impact on the economic susceptibility of recreation activities: Application in a Mediterranean protected area","volume":"245","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_168","unstructured":"Valatin, G. (2014). Carbon Valuation in Forestry and Prospects for European Harmonisation. EFI Tech. Rep., 97."},{"key":"ref_169","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fire and Recreational Values in Fire-Prone Forests: Exploring an Intertemporal Amenity Function Using Pooled RP-SP Data","volume":"33","author":"Boxall","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Resour. Econ."},{"key":"ref_170","unstructured":"Abiodun, A.A. (1978). The Economic Implications of Remote Sensing from Space for the Developing Countries, Earth Observation from Space and Management of Planetary Resources. ESA SP-134."},{"key":"ref_171","unstructured":"Loomis, J., Gonzalez-Caban, A., and Englin, J. (2001). Testing for differential effects of forest fires on hiking and mountain biking demand and benefits. J. Agric. Resour. Econ., 508\u2013522."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forpol.2015.08.001","article-title":"Valuing hypothetical wildfire impacts with a Kuhn\u2013Tucker model of recreation demand","volume":"71","author":"Baerenklau","year":"2016","journal-title":"For. Policy Econ."},{"key":"ref_173","first-page":"1557","article-title":"Economic susceptibility of fire-prone landscapes in natural protected areas of the southern Andean Range","volume":"619\u2013620","author":"Moreno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-017-1059-y","article-title":"Economic vulnerability of fire-prone landscapes in protected natural areas: Application in a Mediterranean Natural Park","volume":"136","author":"Machuca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-016-1038-8","article-title":"Social demand for multiple benefits provided by Aleppo pine forest management in Catalonia, Spain","volume":"17","author":"Varela","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reg. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forpol.2012.11.002","article-title":"Pricing ecosystem resilience in frequent-fire ponderosa pine forests","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"For. Policy Econ."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2012.07.001","article-title":"Methodological approach to assess the socio-economic vulnerability to wildfires in Spain","volume":"294","author":"Roman","year":"2012","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_178","unstructured":"Treasury, H. (2023, March 30). The Green Book: Central Government Guidance on Appraisal and Evaluation, Available online: www.gov.uk\/government\/publications."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.2307\/3312947","article-title":"Pricing the priceless: Cost-benefit analysis of environmental protection","volume":"150","author":"Ackerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Univ. Pa. Law Rev."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2013.09.009","article-title":"Monetary valuation of ecosystem services: It matters to get the timeline right","volume":"95","author":"Baveye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2020.101076","article-title":"Cents and nonsense: A critical appraisal of the monetary valuation of nature","volume":"42","author":"Victor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masood, E. (2022). More than dollars: Mega-review finds 50 ways to value nature. Nature.","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-01930-6"},{"key":"ref_183","unstructured":"IPBES (2022). Methodological Assessment Report on the Diverse Values and Valuation of Nature of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services."},{"key":"ref_184","unstructured":"Cordell, H.K., Bergstrom, J.C., and Bowker, J.M. (2005). The Natural Ecological Value of Wilderness, Venture Publishing Inc."},{"key":"ref_185","unstructured":"Ratcliffe, D. (1997). A Nature Conservation Review: Volume 1: The Selection of Biological Sites of National Importance to Nature Conservation in Britain, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091917","article-title":"Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning","volume":"45","author":"Tilman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20180971","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.0971","article-title":"Integrating the aesthetic value of landscapes and biological diversity","volume":"285","author":"Tribot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2008.11.008","article-title":"The ecology of visual landscapes: Exploring the conceptual common ground of visual and ecological landscape indicators","volume":"9","author":"Fry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-018-0490-x","article-title":"The exceptional value of intact forest ecosystems","volume":"2","author":"Watson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kangas, K.M., Tolvanen, A., Tarvainen, O., Nikula, A., Nivala, V., Huhta, E., and J\u00e4k\u00e4l\u00e4niemi, A. (2016). A method for assessing ecological values to reconcile multiple land use needs. Ecol. Soc., 21.","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-08590-210305"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2014.08.005","article-title":"The geographies of community disaster resilience","volume":"29","author":"Cutter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2019.101107","article-title":"A community resilience index for Norway: An adaptation of the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC)","volume":"36","author":"Scherzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/geoj.12174","article-title":"Resilience to What? Resilience for Whom?","volume":"182","author":"Cutter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geogr. J."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s13753-019-0213-1","article-title":"Social Vulnerability (Re-)Assessment in Context to Natural Hazards: Review of the Usefulness of the Spatial Indicator Approach and Investigations of Validation Demands","volume":"10","author":"Fekete","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Sci."},{"key":"ref_195","unstructured":"Cutter, S.L. (2018). Vulnerability and Resilience to Natural Hazards, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-6237.8402002","article-title":"Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazard","volume":"84","author":"Cutter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Q."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1080\/13669877.2014.910689","article-title":"Application of Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) and delineation of natural risk zones in Greater Lisbon, Portugal","volume":"18","author":"Cutter","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Risk Res."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15986","article-title":"A unified framework for plant life-history strategies shaped by fire and herbivory","volume":"224","author":"Archibald","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115005","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac9b4f","article-title":"Lessons from a regional analysis of forest recovery trajectories in West Africa","volume":"17","author":"Amani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-021-00720-x","article-title":"Fire recurrence and time since last fire interact to determine the supply of multiple ecosystem services by Mediterranean forests","volume":"25","author":"Moghli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s42408-022-00157-0","article-title":"A framework for quantifying forest wildfire hazard and fuel treatment effectiveness from stands to landscapes","volume":"18","author":"Hood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fire Ecol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00121013","article-title":"The use of vital attributes to predict successional changes in plant communities subject to recurrent disturbances","volume":"43","author":"Noble","year":"1980","journal-title":"Vegetatio"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2022.08.005","article-title":"Altered cyclone\u2013fire interactions are changing ecosystems","volume":"27","author":"Ibanez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0374-3","article-title":"Next-generation information to support a sustainable course for European forests","volume":"2","author":"Nabuurs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.02.278","article-title":"Applying genetic algorithms to set the optimal combination of forest fire related variables and model forest fire susceptibility based on data mining models. The case of Dayu County, China","volume":"630","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8306.1985.tb00076.x","article-title":"Describing the brushfire hazard in southern California","volume":"75","author":"Yool","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5087","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-11-5087-2014","article-title":"Causal relationships versus emergent patterns in the global controls of fire frequency","volume":"11","author":"Bistinas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1890\/06-1128.1","article-title":"Human Influence on California Fire Regimes","volume":"17","author":"Syphard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_209","unstructured":"Wendling, Z.A., Emerson, J.W., de Sherbinin, A., and Etsy, D.C. (2020). Environmental Performance Index 2020, Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.10.027","article-title":"Towards a comprehensive wildfire management strategy for Mediterranean areas: Framework development and implementation in Catalonia, Spain","volume":"231","author":"Alcasena","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12095","article-title":"Integration of ecological and socio-economic factors to assess global wildfire vulnerability Glob","volume":"23","author":"Chuvieco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Biogeogr."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810600607709","article-title":"GLOBAL sensitivity analysis, GIS and multicriteria evaluation for a sustainable planning of a hazardous waste disposal site in Spain","volume":"20","author":"Tarantola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_213","unstructured":"Viegas, D.X. (1998). III International Conference on Forest Fire Research\u201314th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology, Coimbra, ADAI."},{"key":"ref_214","unstructured":"Viegas, D.X. (1998). III International Conference on Forest Fire Research\u201314th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology, Coimbra, ADAI."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.08.164","article-title":"Structural fire risk: The case of Portugal","volume":"573","author":"Parente","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarantola, A. (2005). Inverse Problem Theory and Methods for Model Parameter Estimation, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9780898717921"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2012.03.003","article-title":"Modeling spatial patterns of fire occurrence in Mediterranean Europe using Multiple Regression and Random Forest","volume":"275","author":"Oliveira","year":"2012","journal-title":"For. Ecol Manag."},{"key":"ref_218","first-page":"73","article-title":"Spatial prediction of fire ignition probabilities: Comparing logistic regression and neural networks","volume":"67","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2001","journal-title":"PERS"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2747\/1548-1603.47.2.221","article-title":"Do Factors Causing Wildfires Vary in Space? Evidence from Geographically Weighted Regression","volume":"47","author":"Koutsias","year":"2010","journal-title":"GISci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11786221211028185","DOI":"10.1177\/11786221211028185","article-title":"Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe: A Synthesis of National Perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Krasovskiy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Air Soil Water Res."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2017.12.019","article-title":"Wildfire susceptibility mapping: Deterministic vs. stochastic approaches","volume":"101","author":"Leuenberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"ref_222","first-page":"9","article-title":"Applying neural network technology to human-caused wildfire occurence prediction","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"1996","journal-title":"AI Appl."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, X., Jin, X., and Zhou, Y. (2021). Wildfire risk assessment and zoning by integrating Maxent and GIS in Hunan province, China. Forests, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/f12101299"},{"key":"ref_224","unstructured":"Fandel, G., and Gal, T. (1980). Characterization of Pareto and Lexicographic Optimal Solutions, Springer."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oom, D., DeRigo, D., Pfeiffer, H., Branco, A., Ferrari, D., Grecchi, R., Artes, T., Durrant, T., Boca, R., and Maianti, P. (2022). Pan-European Wildfire Risk Assessment, Publications Office of the European Union.","DOI":"10.14195\/978-989-26-2298-9_191"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1071\/WF12061","article-title":"Characterising fire regimes in Spain from fire statistics","volume":"22","author":"Moreno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.05.013","article-title":"Mapping fire regimes in China using MODIS active fire and burned area data","volume":"85","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111801","article-title":"The Landsat Burned Area algorithm and products for the conterminous United States","volume":"244","author":"Hawbaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-11-529-2019","article-title":"The Global Fire Atlas of individual fire size, duration, speed, and direction","volume":"11","author":"Andela","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_230","first-page":"1","article-title":"A global wildfire dataset for the analysis of fire regimes and fire behaviour","volume":"6","author":"Oom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.05.018","article-title":"Key issues in rigorous accuracy assessment of land cover products","volume":"231","author":"Stehman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1071\/WF21108","article-title":"Relating McArthur fire danger indices to remote sensing derived burned area across Australia","volume":"32","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_233","unstructured":"Gough, J. (2003). Sharing the Future: Risk Communicaiton in Practice, Centre for Advanced Engineering."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11295-006-0068-7","article-title":"Rethinking of risk communication: Lessons from the decision sciences","volume":"3","author":"Arvai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tree Genet. Genomes"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2020.06.008","article-title":"Wildfire in the news media: An intersectional critical frame analysis","volume":"114","author":"Walker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Psaroudakis, C., Xanthopoulos, G., Stavrakoudis, D., Barnias, A., Varela, V., Gkotsis, I., Karvouniari, A., Agorgianitis, S., Chasiotis, I., and Vlachogiannis, D. (2021). Development of an Early Warning and Incident Response System for the Protection of Visitors from Natural Hazards in Important Outdoor Sites in Greece. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13095143"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.2553","article-title":"Counteracting wildfire misinformation","volume":"20","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_238","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk communication to tourists: Towards the definition of a research agenda for a more effective disaster preparedness in Japan","volume":"9","author":"Aliperti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Almatourism-J. Tour. Cult. Territ. Dev."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, Y. (2012). Novel Approaches and Their Applications in Risk Assessment, InTech.","DOI":"10.5772\/2548"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2005.01.026","article-title":"Predicting risks of uncharacteristic wildfires: Application of the risk assessment process","volume":"211","author":"Fairbrother","year":"2005","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2005.02.010","article-title":"The challenge of quantitative risk analysis for wildland fire","volume":"211","author":"Finney","year":"2005","journal-title":"For. Ecol Manag."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2011.03.015","article-title":"Uncertainty and risk in wildland fire management: A review","volume":"92","author":"Thompson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1029\/2018GL080959","article-title":"Global emergence of anthropogenic climate change in fire weather indices","volume":"46","author":"Abatzoglou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13886","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50281-2","article-title":"Climate drivers of the 2017 devastating fires in Portugal","volume":"9","author":"Turco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.1890\/120298","article-title":"Prescribed burning in southern Europe: Developing fire management in a dynamic landscape","volume":"11","author":"Fernandes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2011.06.028","article-title":"Landscape\u2013wildfire interactions in southern Europe: Implications for landscape management","volume":"92","author":"Moreira","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manzello, S.L. (2020). Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-52090-2"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1315088111","article-title":"How risk management can prevent future wildfire disasters in the wildland-urban interface","volume":"111","author":"Calkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718850115","article-title":"Rapid growth of the US wildland-urban interface raises wildfire risk","volume":"115","author":"Radeloff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forpol.2021.102458","article-title":"Resilient landscapes to prevent catastrophic forest fires: Socioeconomic insights towards a new paradigm","volume":"128","author":"Wunder","year":"2021","journal-title":"For. Policy Econ."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13946","article-title":"Learning to coexist with wildfire","volume":"515","author":"Moritz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab2356","article-title":"Reform forest fire management","volume":"349","author":"North","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2010.01.032","article-title":"A comparison of landscape fuel treatment strategies to mitigate wildland fire risk in the urban interface and preserve old forest structure","volume":"259","author":"Ager","year":"2010","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palaiologou, P., Kalabokidis, K., Ager, A.A., Galatsidas, S., Papalampros, L., and Day, M.A. (2021). Spatial Optimization and Tradeoffs of Alternative Forest Management Scenarios in Macedonia, Greece. Forests, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/f12060697"},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2016.03.009","article-title":"Evaluating alternative fuel treatment strategies to reduce wildfire losses in a Mediterranean area","volume":"368","author":"Salis","year":"2016","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calkin, D.E., Ager, A.A., Gilbertson-Day, J., Scott, J., Finney, M., Schrader-Patton, C., Quigley, T., Strittholt, J., and Kaiden, J. (2010). Wildfire Risk and Hazard: Procedures for the First Approximation, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Gen Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-235.","DOI":"10.2737\/RMRS-GTR-235"},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hand, M.S., Gebert, K.M., Liang, J., Calkin, D.E., Thompson, M.P., and Zhou, M. (2014). Economics of Wildfire Management: The Development and Application of Suppression Expenditure Models, SpringerBriefs in Fire, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0578-2"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2008.09.016","article-title":"Objectives and considerations for wildland fuel treatment in forested ecosystems of the interior western United States","volume":"256","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2008","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1071\/WF19069","article-title":"Applications of simulation-based burn probability modelling: A review","volume":"28","author":"Parisien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sample, M., Thode, A.E., Peterson, C., Gallagher, M.R., Flatley, W., Friggens, M., Evans, A., Loehman, R., Hedwall, S., and Brandt, L. (2022). Adaptation Strategies and Approaches for Managing Fire in a Changing Climate. Climate, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cli10040058"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2011.11.021","article-title":"Analyzing wildfire exposure and source\u2013sink relationships on a fire prone forest landscape","volume":"267","author":"Ager","year":"2012","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2021.102189","article-title":"Application of simulation modeling for wildfire exposure and transmission assessment in Sardinia, Italy","volume":"58","author":"Salis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142897","article-title":"Using fire to enhance rewilding when agricultural policies fail","volume":"755","author":"Campos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2020.101143","article-title":"Mountain farmland protection and fire-smart management jointly reduce fire hazard and enhance biodiversity and carbon sequestration","volume":"44","author":"Pais","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neidermeier, A.N., Zagaria, C., Pampanoni, V., West, T.A.P., and Verburg, P.H. (2023, April 30). Mapping Opportunities for Wildfire Hazard Reduction in Europe through Targeted Land Management Strategies. Available online: https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4410640.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4410640"},{"key":"ref_266","unstructured":"Baijnath-Rodino, J.A., Foufoula-Georgiou, E., and Banerjee, T. (2022). Reviewing the \u201cHottest\u201d Fire Indices Worldwide. Authorea Prepr."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1071\/WF19198","article-title":"Climate change projected to reduce prescribed burning opportunities in the south-eastern United States","volume":"29","author":"Kupfer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2013.08.007","article-title":"Climate change, fire management, and ecological services in the southwestern US","volume":"327","author":"Hurteau","year":"2014","journal-title":"For. Ecol Manag."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s40725-022-00161-2","article-title":"The Intertwined Problems of Wildfire, Forest Disease, and Climate Change Interactions","volume":"8","author":"Cobb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. For. Rep."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2019.06.002","article-title":"Bark Beetle Population Dynamics in the Anthropocene: Challenges and Solutions","volume":"34","author":"Biedermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s100219900049","article-title":"Compounded perturbations yield ecological surprises","volume":"1","author":"Paine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2318","article-title":"Increasing forest disturbances in Europe and their impact on carbon storage","volume":"4","author":"Seidl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2012.07.026","article-title":"Spatio-temporal infestation patterns of Ips typographus (L.) in the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany","volume":"31","author":"Lausch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f6we, R., Sedleck\u00fd, M., Sikora, A., Prok\u016fpkov\u00e1, A., Modlinger, R., Novotn\u00fd, K., and Tur\u010d\u00e1ni, M. (2022). How Bark Beetle Attack Changes the Tensile and Compressive Strength of Spruce Wood (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). Forests, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/f13010087"},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12782","article-title":"Managing bark beetle impacts on ecosystems and society: Priority questions to motivate future research","volume":"54","author":"Morris","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3605","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15679","article-title":"Storm and fire disturbances in Europe: Distribution and trends","volume":"27","author":"Senf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heisig, J., Olson, E., and Pebesma, E. (2022). Predicting Wildfire Fuels and Hazard in a Central European Temperate Forest Using Active and Passive Remote Sensing. Fire, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/fire5010029"},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez-Carrillo, A., Pato\u010dka, Z., Dobrovoln\u00fd, L., Franco-Nieto, A., and Revilla-Romero, B. (2020). Monitoring Bark Beetle Forest Damage in Central Europe. A Remote Sensing Approach Validated with Field Data. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12213634"},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1641\/B580607","article-title":"Cross-scale Drivers of Natural Disturbances Prone to Anthropogenic Amplification: The Dynamics of Bark Beetle Eruptions","volume":"58","author":"Raffa","year":"2008","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.13502","article-title":"Do bark beetle outbreaks amplify or dampen future bark beetle disturbances in Central Europe?","volume":"109","author":"Sommerfeld","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colavito, M. (2021). The human dimensions of spatial, pre-wildfire planning decision support systems: A review of barriers, facilitators, and recommendations. Forests, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/f12040483"},{"key":"ref_282","unstructured":"Deeming, J.E. (1977). The National Fire Danger Rating System, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1071\/WF21020","article-title":"Patterns of wildfire risk in the United States from systematic operational risk assessments: How risk is characterised by land managers","volume":"30","author":"Seielstad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scott, J.H., Thompson, M.P., and Calkin, D.E. (2013). A Wildfire Risk Assessment Framework for Land and Resource Management, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.","DOI":"10.2737\/RMRS-GTR-315"},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4996\/fireecology.1201103","article-title":"The interagency fuels treatment decision support system: Functionality for fuels treatment planning","volume":"12","author":"Drury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fire Ecol."},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2014.09.018","article-title":"Development and application of a geospatial wildfire exposure and risk calculation tool","volume":"63","author":"Thompson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McEvoy, A., Kerns, B.K., and Kim, J.B. (2021). Hazards of risk: Identifying plausible community wildfire disasters in low-frequency fire regimes. Forests, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/f12070934"},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045014","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac5c0c","article-title":"Fires that matter: Reconceptualizing fire risk to include interactions between humans and the natural environment","volume":"17","author":"Iglesias","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfr-2020-0480","article-title":"Integrating forest restoration, adaptation, and proactive fire management: Rogue River Basin case study","volume":"51","author":"Metlen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019EF001319","DOI":"10.1029\/2019EF001319","article-title":"Social-environmental extremes: Rethinking extraordinary events as outcomes of interacting biophysical and social systems","volume":"8","author":"Balch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Earth\u2019s Future"},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1071\/WF20124","article-title":"Pre-season fire management planning: The use of Potential Operational Delineations to prepare for wildland fire events","volume":"30","author":"Greiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s42408-022-00139-2","article-title":"Potential operational delineations: New horizons for proactive, risk-informed strategic land and fire management","volume":"18","author":"Thompson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fire Ecol."},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jolly, W.M., Freeborn, P.H., Page, W.G., and Butler, B.W. (2019). Severe fire danger index: A forecastable metric to inform firefighter and community wildfire risk management. Fire, 2.","DOI":"10.3390\/fire2030047"},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.5558\/tfc65258-4","article-title":"Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System: An Overview","volume":"65","author":"Stocks","year":"1989","journal-title":"For. Chron."},{"key":"ref_295","unstructured":"Van Wagner, C.E. (1987). Development and structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System, Canadian Forest Service. 35."},{"key":"ref_296","unstructured":"Hirsch, K.G. (1996). Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction (FBP) System: User\u2019s Guide, Northern Forestry Centre."},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfr-2020-0313","article-title":"The development and implementation of a human-caused wildland fire occurrence prediction system for the province of Ontario, Canada","volume":"51","author":"Woolford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_298","unstructured":"Parisien, M.A., Kafka, V.G., Hirsch, K.G., Todd, J.B., Lavoie, S.G., and Maczek, P.D. (2005). Mapping Wildfire Susceptibility with the Burn-P3 Simulation Model, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre. NOR-X-405."},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1139\/x06-096","article-title":"A note on fire frequency concepts and definitions","volume":"36","author":"Reed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1214\/13-STS451","article-title":"Wildfire Prediction to Inform Fire Management: Statistical Science Challenges","volume":"28","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_301","unstructured":"IGBP (1999). Report of the 4th IGBP-DIS Fire Working Group Meeting, IGBP-DIS. IGBP-DIS Working Paper #21."},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2019.117490","article-title":"Burn probability simulation and subsequent wildland fire activity in Alberta, Canada\u2013implications for risk assessment and strategic planning","volume":"451","author":"Beverly","year":"2019","journal-title":"For. Ecol Manag."},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2019.117698","article-title":"Commentary on the article \u201cBurn probability simulation and subsequent wildland fire activity in Alberta, Canada\u2013Implications for risk assessment and strategic planning\u201d by JL Beverly and N. McLoughlin","volume":"460","author":"Parisien","year":"2020","journal-title":"For. Ecol Manag."},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1139\/er-2019-0046","article-title":"Wildland fire risk research in Canada","volume":"28","author":"Johnston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_305","unstructured":"Fuglem, P.L., Lawson, B.D., and Hawkes, B.C. (1983). Fire Protection Guidelines For Juvenile Spacing Projects, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Canadian Forestry Service."},{"key":"ref_306","unstructured":"Muraro, S.J. (1968). Prescribed Fire\u2013Evaluation Of Hazard Abatement. Departmental Publication Number 1231, Canadian Department of Forestry And Rural Development\/Congress of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations."},{"key":"ref_307","unstructured":"Simard, A.J. (1977). Wildland Fire Management\u2013A Systems Approach. Forestry Technical Report 17. Catalogue No. F064-17\/1977, Department Of Fisheries And Environment, Canadian Forestry Service."},{"key":"ref_308","first-page":"10","article-title":"A Multistage Stochastic Programming Model for Sustainable Forest-Level Timber Supply Under Risk of Fire","volume":"42","author":"Boychuk","year":"1996","journal-title":"For. Sci."},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1139\/X10-065","article-title":"Evaluation of two risk mitigation strategies for dealing with fire-related uncertainty in timber supply modelling","volume":"40","author":"Savage","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1071\/WF18189","article-title":"Impacts of wildland fire effects on resources and assets through expert elicitation to support fire response decisions","volume":"28","author":"McFayden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2022.103625","article-title":"Framework for spatial incident-level wildfire risk modelling to residential structures at the wildland urban interface","volume":"131","author":"Boucher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"ref_312","unstructured":"MNP (2017). A Review of the 2016 Horse River Wildfire: Alberta Agriculture and Forestry Preparedness and Response, MNP LLP."},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-statistics-031017-100450","article-title":"Statistical Models of Key Components of Wildfire Risk","volume":"6","author":"Xi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Stat. Its Appl."},{"key":"ref_314","unstructured":"McArthur, A.G. (1960). Fire Danger Rating Tables for Annual Grassland, Forestry and Timber Bureau."},{"key":"ref_315","unstructured":"Luke, R., and McArthur, A. (1978). Bushfires in Australia, Australian Government Publishing Service."},{"key":"ref_316","unstructured":"Keetch, J.J., and Byram, G.M. (1968). A Drought Index for Forest Fire Control, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station."},{"key":"ref_317","unstructured":"Matthews, S., Fox-Hughes, P., Grootemaat, S., Hollis, J.J., Kenny, B.J., and Sauvage, S. (2019). Australian Fire Danger Rating System: Research Prototype, NSW Rural Fire Service."},{"key":"ref_318","unstructured":"Alexander, M.E. (2008). Proposed Revision of Fire Danger Class Criteria for Forest and Rural Areas in New Zealand, National Rural Fire Authority, Wellington, in association with the Scion Rural Fire Research Group. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2021.108503","article-title":"Continental-scale prediction of live fuel moisture content using soil moisture information","volume":"307","author":"Vinodkumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dharssi, I. (2017). Vinodkumar, 2017: A Prototype high Resolution Soil Moisture Analysis System for Australia, Bureau of Meteorology Research Report.","DOI":"10.22499\/4.0026"},{"key":"ref_321","unstructured":"eJenkins, M.J., Holmes, A., Monks, J., Runcie, J.W., Sauvage, S., and Matthews, S. (2022). Ignition, Suppression and Impact Research Prototype: Australian Fire Danger Rating System, NSW Rural Fire Service."},{"key":"ref_322","unstructured":"European Court of Auditors (2014). Is EU Support for Preventing and Restoring Damage to Forests Caused by Fire and Natural Disasters Well Managed."},{"key":"ref_323","unstructured":"San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., Costa, H., de Rigo, D., Libert\u00e0, G., Art\u00e9s Vivancos, T., Houston Durrant, T., Nuijten, D., L\u00f6ffler, P., Moore, P., and Baetens, J. (2019). Basic Criteria to Assess Wildfire Risk at the Pan-European Level."},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2013.03.003","article-title":"Trade-offs across value-domains in ecosystem services assessment","volume":"37","author":"Montes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_325","unstructured":"Oom, D., de Rigo, D., Pfeiffer, H., San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., Grecchi, R., Durrant, T.H., Libert\u00e0, G., Artes-Vivancos, T., Boca, R., and Maianti, P. (2020). Developing the European wildfire risk assessment (WRA), Atlas of the Human Planet 2020."},{"key":"ref_326","unstructured":"Corbane, C., Florczyk, A.J., Pesaresi, M., Politis, P., and Syrris, V. (2023, May 01). GHS-BUILT R2018A\u2013GHS Built-Up Grid, Derived from Landsat, Multitemporal (1975-1990-2000-2014). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset]. Available online: http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/89h\/jrc-ghsl-10007."},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20584","article-title":"High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes","volume":"540","author":"Pekel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1239268","article-title":"Protected areas and effective biodiversity conservation","volume":"342","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_329","unstructured":"Mavsar, R., Pettenella, D., San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., and Camia, A. (2011, January 9\u201313). Development of a methodology for the analysis of socio-economic impact of forest fires in Europe. Proceedings of the 5th International Wildland Fire Conference, Sun City, South Africa."},{"key":"ref_330","unstructured":"Camia, A., Libert\u00e0, G., and San-Miguel-Ayanz, J. (2017). Modeling the Impacts of Climate Change on Forest Fire Danger in Europe: Sectorial Results of the PESETA II Project."},{"key":"ref_331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.07.014","article-title":"The ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI): A European contribution to the generation of the Global Climate Observing System","volume":"203","author":"Plummer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180132","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.132","article-title":"FRY, a global database of fire patch functional traits derived from space-borne burned area products","volume":"5","author":"Laurent","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019JD031456","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JD031456","article-title":"Exploring topography-based methods for downscaling subgrid precipitation for use in Earth System Models","volume":"125","author":"Tesfa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1080\/03610919808813505","article-title":"Methods of variable selection in regression modeling","volume":"27","author":"Murtaugh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput."},{"key":"ref_335","unstructured":"Bernardo, J.M., DeGroot, D., Lindley, V., and Smith, A.F.M. (1980). Bayesian Statistics, University Press."},{"key":"ref_336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Guo, P., Chen, H., Liu, N., Qiao, Y., Xu, M., and Zhang, L. (2023). Lightning-induced smoldering ignition of peat: Simulation experiments by an electric arc with long continuing current. Proc. Combust. Inst.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2022.09.065"},{"key":"ref_337","unstructured":"Latham, D., and Williams, E. (2001). Forest Fires. Behavior and Ecological Aspects, Johnson, E.A., Miyanishi, K., Eds., Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JD025532","article-title":"Global distribution and properties of continuing current in lightning","volume":"122","author":"Bitzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36500-5","article-title":"Variation of lightning-ignited wildfire patterns under climate change","volume":"14","author":"Huntrieser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR-D-16-0026.1","article-title":"A lightning parameterization for the ECMWF integrated forecasting system","volume":"144","author":"Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"ref_341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"ref_342","unstructured":"Sueur-Ochoa, C., and Chuvieco, E. (2023). Mapping the likelihood of human-caused fire ignitions in the European territory. Appl. Geogr., in review."},{"key":"ref_343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-15-1287-2023","article-title":"Classification and mapping of European fuels using a hierarchical-multipurpose fuel classification system","volume":"15","author":"Aragoneses","year":"2023","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4585","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14184585","article-title":"Vegetation Mapping with Random Forest Using Sentinel 2 and GLCM Texture Feature&mdash;A Case Study for Lous&atilde; Region, Portugal","volume":"14","author":"Mohammadpour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_345","unstructured":"Johnson, E.A., and Miyanishi, K. (2001). Forest Fires: Behavior and Ecological Effects, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_346","first-page":"102354","article-title":"Global fuel moisture content mapping from MODIS","volume":"101","author":"Quan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.03.004","article-title":"PROSPECT-D: Towards modeling leaf optical properties through a complete lifecycle","volume":"193","author":"Gitelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2007.895844","article-title":"Unified optical-thermal four-stream radiative transfer theory for homogeneous vegetation canopies","volume":"45","author":"Verhoef","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1109\/36.46705","article-title":"Estimation of subpixel vegetation cover using red-infrared scattergrams","volume":"28","author":"Jasinski","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(00)00184-X","article-title":"The GeoSail model: A simple addition to the SAIL model to describe discontinuous canopy reflectance","volume":"75","author":"Huemmrich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pampanoni, V., Laneve, G., and Santilli, G. (2022, January 17\u201322). Evaluating Sentinel-3 Viability for Vegetation Canopy Monitoring and Fuel Moisture Content Estimation. Proceedings of the IGARSS 2022-2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS46834.2022.9884150"},{"key":"ref_352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2009.2014008","article-title":"Generation of a species-specific look-up table for fuel moisture content assessment","volume":"2","author":"Yebra","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JG001708","article-title":"Mapping forest canopy height globally with spaceborne lidar","volume":"116","author":"Simard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1071\/WF21097","article-title":"Smoke emissions from the extreme wildfire events in central Portugal in October 2017","volume":"31","author":"Fernandes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1071\/WF9970021","article-title":"Improved Calibration of a Large Fuel Burnout Model","volume":"7","author":"Albini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2017.09.025","article-title":"Predicting forest floor and woody fuel consumption from prescribed burns in southern and western pine ecosystems of the United States","volume":"405","author":"Prichard","year":"2017","journal-title":"For. Ecol Manag."},{"key":"ref_357","unstructured":"Vicente, A., Calvo, A., Gon\u00e7alves, C., Nunes, T., Fernandes, A.P., Monteiro, C., Mirante, F., Evtyugina, M., and Alves, C. (2019). Emission factors of trace gases and aerosols from wildfire events in central Portugal. Zenodo."},{"key":"ref_358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1071\/WF19066","article-title":"Wildland fire emission factors in North America: Synthesis of existing data, measurement needs and management applications","volume":"29","author":"Prichard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-021-01069-9","article-title":"The air pollution modelling system URBAIR: How to use a Gaussian model to accomplish high spatial and temporal resolutions","volume":"14","author":"Fernandes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"},{"key":"ref_360","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez y Silva, F., Molina-Mart\u00ednez, J.R.M., Herrera Machuca, M.\u00c1., and Rodr\u00edguez Leal, J.M. (2013). Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy, Climate Change and Wildfires, Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station."},{"key":"ref_361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viegas, D.X. (2014). Advances in Forest fire Research. Social and Economic Issues, ADAI.","DOI":"10.14195\/978-989-26-0884-6"},{"key":"ref_362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3927","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-13-3927-2021","article-title":"The global forest above-ground biomass pool for 2010 estimated from high-resolution satellite observations","volume":"13","author":"Santoro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actao.2020.103668","article-title":"Relationships between tree height and tree species richness at small scales","volume":"109","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Oecologica"},{"key":"ref_364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112165","article-title":"Mapping global forest canopy height through integration of GEDI and Landsat data","volume":"253","author":"Potapov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244693","article-title":"High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change","volume":"342","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612356","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2021.612356","article-title":"Land Use Changes Threaten Bird Taxonomic and Functional Diversity Across the Mediterranean Basin: A Spatial Analysis to Prioritize Monitoring for Conservation","volume":"9","author":"Fusco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1163\/15685381-00002935","article-title":"Updated distribution and biogeography of amphibians and reptiles of Europe","volume":"35","author":"Sillero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amphib.-Reptil."},{"key":"ref_368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1600821","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600821","article-title":"The last frontiers of wilderness: Tracking loss of intact forest landscapes from 2000 to 2013","volume":"3","author":"Potapov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2812","DOI":"10.1039\/C3AY41907J","article-title":"Principal component analysis","volume":"6","author":"Bro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107758","article-title":"A spatial evaluation of multifunctional Ecosystem Service networks using Principal Component Analysis: A case of study in Turin, Italy","volume":"127","author":"Salata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6921","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16384","article-title":"Accuracy, realism and general applicability of European forest models","volume":"28","author":"Mahnken","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40663-018-0133-3","article-title":"Species-specific, pan-European diameter increment models based on data of 2.3 million trees","volume":"5","author":"Schelhaas","year":"2018","journal-title":"For. Ecosyst."},{"key":"ref_373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.09.006","article-title":"A methodology to derive global maps of leaf traits using remote sensing and climate data","volume":"218","author":"Kattge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.2318","article-title":"Towards a pan-European assessment of land susceptibility to wind erosion","volume":"27","author":"Borrelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hengeveld, G.M., Nabuurs, G.-J., Didion, M., van den Wyngaert, I., Clerkx, A., and Schelhaas, M.-J. (2012). A forest management map of European forests. Ecol. Soc., 17.","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-05149-170453"},{"key":"ref_376","unstructured":"Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S.L., P\u00e9an, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., and Gomis, M. (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3648","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12331","article-title":"Land cover change or land-use intensification: Simulating land system change with a global-scale land change model","volume":"19","author":"Verburg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22702-2","article-title":"Global land use changes are four times greater than previously estimated","volume":"12","author":"Winkler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Fire"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-6255\/6\/5\/215\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:40:02Z","timestamp":1760125202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2571-6255\/6\/5\/215"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"references-count":378,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["fire6050215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fire6050215","relation":{},"ISSN":["2571-6255"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2571-6255","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]}}}