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To evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of prescribed fire (PF), we employed the REMAINS model in NW Iberia\u2019s Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Ger\u00eas-Xur\u00e9s. We tested three levels of prescribed fire treatment effort for shrubland and grassland, employing three spatial allocation strategies: random distribution, prioritization in high-wildfire-risk zones, and creating fuel breaks by utilizing the existing road network. These approaches were assessed in isolation and in combination with three land-use scenarios: Business-as-usual (representing rural abandonment trends), High Nature Value farmland (reversing farmland abandonment), and Fire-Smart forest management (promoting fire-resistant landscapes). Our results confirm that PF is effective in reducing future wildfires (reductions up to 36%), with leverage values ranging from 0.07 to 0.45. Strategic spatial allocation, targeting wildfire-risk areas and existing road networks, is essential for maximizing prescribed fire\u2019s efficiency (leverage effort of 0.32 and 0.45; i.e., approximately 3 ha of PF decrease subsequent wildfire by 1 ha). However, the PF treatments yield the best efficiency when integrated into land-use policies promoting \u2018fire-smart\u2019 landscapes (reaching leverage values of up to 1.78 under policies promoting \u2018HNVf and \u2018fire-smart\u2019 forest conversion). These recommendations strengthen wildfire prevention and enhance landscape resilience in fire-prone regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fire6120457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T13:45:41Z","timestamp":1701524741000},"page":"457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Optimizing Wildfire Prevention through the Integration of Prescribed Burning into \u2018Fire-Smart\u2019 Land-Use Policies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Silvana","family":"Pais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7911-3144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Aquilu\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Ci\u00e8ncia i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Ctra. St. Lloren\u00e7 de Morunys km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Honrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0336-4398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biol\u00f3gicas, CITAB, Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1983-936X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Regos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Ci\u00e8ncia i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Ctra. St. Lloren\u00e7 de Morunys km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1163886","article-title":"Fire in the Earth System","volume":"324","author":"Bowman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Tedim, F., Xanthopoulos, G., and Leone, V. (2014). Wildfire Hazards, Risks, and Disasters, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.13403","article-title":"Fire as a Fundamental Ecological Process: Research Advances and Frontiers","volume":"108","author":"McLauchlan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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