{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:07:24Z","timestamp":1775711244520,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["PCIF\/AGT\/0061\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIF\/AGT\/0061\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04084\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04084\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Centre for Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning","award":["PCIF\/AGT\/0061\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIF\/AGT\/0061\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Centre for Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning","award":["UIDB\/04084\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04084\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fire"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent decades, wildfires have become common disasters that threaten people\u2019s lives and assets, particularly in wildland\u2013urban interfaces (WUIs). Developing an effective evacuation strategy for a WUI presents challenges to emergency planners because of the spatial variations in biophysical hazards and social vulnerability. The aim of this study was to map priority WUIs in terms of evacuation. The factors considered were the seriousness of the risk of wildfire exposure, and the population centres whose greatest constraints on the evacuation process stemmed from the nature of the exposed population and the time required to travel to the nearest shelter\/refuge. An integrated framework linking wildfire hazard, social vulnerability, and the time taken to travel by foot or by car to the nearest refuge\/shelter was applied. The study area includes two municipalities (Lous\u00e3 and Sert\u00e3) in the mountainous areas of central Portugal that are in high-wildfire-risk areas and have very vulnerable and scattered pockets of exposed population. The combination of wildfire risk and travelling time to the nearest shelters made it possible to identify 20% of the WUIs that were priority areas for evacuation in the case of Sert\u00e3. In the case of Lous\u00e3, 3.4% were identified, because they were highly exposed to wildfire risk and had a travelling time to the nearest shelter of more than 15 min on foot. These results can assist in designing effective pre-fire planning, based on fuel management strategies and\/or managing an effective and safe evacuation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fire7060199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T08:02:26Z","timestamp":1718352146000},"page":"199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Planning Wildfire Evacuation in the Wildland\u2013Urban Interfaces of Central Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8665-4459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e9lia N.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Tourism, NICIF\u2014Centre of Scientific Investigation for Forest Fires, University of Coimbra, 3000-214 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CEGOT\u2014Centre for Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Coimbra, 3004-530 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9820-2425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos D.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Tourism, NICIF\u2014Centre of Scientific Investigation for Forest Fires, University of Coimbra, 3000-214 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Albano","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Tourism, NICIF\u2014Centre of Scientific Investigation for Forest Fires, University of Coimbra, 3000-214 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CEGOT\u2014Centre for Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Coimbra, 3004-530 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2017-0854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Tourism, NICIF\u2014Centre of Scientific Investigation for Forest Fires, University of Coimbra, 3000-214 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CEGOT\u2014Centre for Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Coimbra, 3004-530 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13946","article-title":"Learning to coexist with wildfire","volume":"515","author":"Moritz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-016-0058","article-title":"Human exposure and sensitivity to globally extreme wildfire events","volume":"1","author":"Bowman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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