{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T14:25:03Z","timestamp":1776176703931,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FUELSAT","award":["PCIF\/GRF\/0116\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIF\/GRF\/0116\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FUELSAT","award":["UIDB\/00239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00239"]}]},{"name":"FUELSAT","award":["CEECIND\/03799\/2018\/CP1563\/CT0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03799\/2018\/CP1563\/CT0003"]}]},{"name":"FUELSAT","award":["UID\/04033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04033"]}]},{"name":"FUELSAT","award":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia I.P. (FCT)","award":["PCIF\/GRF\/0116\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIF\/GRF\/0116\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia I.P. (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/00239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00239"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia I.P. (FCT)","award":["CEECIND\/03799\/2018\/CP1563\/CT0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03799\/2018\/CP1563\/CT0003"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia I.P. (FCT)","award":["UID\/04033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04033"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia I.P. (FCT)","award":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambienteis e Biol\u00f3gicas","award":["PCIF\/GRF\/0116\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIF\/GRF\/0116\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambienteis e Biol\u00f3gicas","award":["UIDB\/00239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00239"]}]},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambienteis e Biol\u00f3gicas","award":["CEECIND\/03799\/2018\/CP1563\/CT0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03799\/2018\/CP1563\/CT0003"]}]},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambienteis e Biol\u00f3gicas","award":["UID\/04033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04033"]}]},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambienteis e Biol\u00f3gicas","award":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fire"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Live fuel moisture content (LFMC) significantly influences fire activity and behavior over different spatial and temporal scales. The ability to estimate LFMC is important to improve our capability to predict when and where large wildfires may occur. Currently, there is a gap in providing reliable near-real-time LFMC estimates which can contribute to better operational decision-making. The objective of this work was to develop near-real-time LFMC estimates for operational purposes in Portugal. We modelled LFMC using Random Forests for Portugal using a large set of potential predictor variables. We validated the model and analyzed the relationships between estimated LFMC and both fire size and behavior. The model predicted LFMC with an R2 of 0.78 and an RMSE of 12.82%, and combined six variables: drought code, day-of-year and satellite vegetation indices. The model predicted well the temporal LFMC variability across most of the sampling sites. A clear relationship between LFMC and fire size was observed: 98% of the wildfires larger than 500 ha occurred with LFMC lower than 100%. Further analysis showed that 90% of these wildfires occurred for dead and live fuel moisture content lower than 10% and 100%, respectively. Fast-spreading wildfires were coincident with lower LFMC conditions: 92% of fires with rate of spread larger than 1000 m\/h occurred with LFMC lower than 100%. The availability of spatial and temporal LFMC information for Portugal will be relevant for better fire management decision-making and will allow a better understanding of the drivers of large wildfires.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fire8050178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T06:49:02Z","timestamp":1746082142000},"page":"178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Near-Real-Time Operational Live Fuel Moisture Content (LFMC) Product to Support Decision-Making at the National Level"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4325-3804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akli","family":"Benali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2306-626X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Baldassarre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto da Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Natureza e das Florestas, IP. Parque Florestal, 5000-567 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Briquemont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Bruxelles Environnement Tree Management, Service Avenue du Port 86C\/3000, 1000 Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0336-4398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Rossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Technology and Management (ESTG), Polytechnic of Leiria, Apartado 4163, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8351-4028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2009.00512.x","article-title":"A biogeographic model of fire regimes in Australia: Current and future implications","volume":"19","author":"Bradstock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glob. 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