{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T22:47:40Z","timestamp":1769208460441,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cRam\u00f3n y Cajal\u201d fellowship program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["RYC2022-036822-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC2022-036822-I"]}]},{"name":"research projects RESFIRE","award":["PID2023-152690OA-C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-152690OA-C22"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPaisajes resilientes\u201d","award":["IN607D-2025-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN607D-2025-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fire"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extreme wildfires are becoming increasingly frequent and severe across many regions worldwide, driven by climate change, land-use transitions, and long-standing fire-suppression legacies. In this context, Nature-based Solutions (NbS)\u2014defined as actions that work with ecological processes to address societal challenges while providing biodiversity and socio-economic benefits\u2014offer a promising yet underdeveloped pathway for enhancing wildfire resilience. This Special Issue brings together eleven contributions spanning empirical ecology, landscape configuration, simulation modelling, spatial optimisation, ecosystem service analysis, governance assessment, and community-based innovation. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that restoring ecological fire regimes, promoting multifunctional landscapes, and integrating advanced decision support tools can substantially reduce wildfire hazard while sustaining ecosystem functions. They also reveal significant governance barriers, including fragmented policies, limited investment in prevention, and challenges in incorporating social demands into territorial planning. By synthesising these insights, this editorial identifies several strategic priorities for advancing NbS in fire-prone landscapes: mainstreaming prevention within governance frameworks, strengthening the science\u2013practice interface, investing in long-term socio-ecological monitoring, managing trade-offs transparently, and empowering local communities. Together, the findings highlight that effective NbS emerge from the alignment of ecological, technological, institutional, and social dimensions, offering a coherent pathway toward more resilient, biodiverse, and fire-adaptive landscapes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fire9010047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T08:48:08Z","timestamp":1768985288000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Editorial for the Special Issue: Nature-Based Solutions to Extreme Wildfires"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1983-936X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Regos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Misi\u00f3n Biol\u00f3xica de Galicia, Sede Santiago, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Centre de Ci\u00e8ncia i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Ctra. St. Lloren\u00e7 de Morunys Km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-024-02452-2","article-title":"Increasing Frequency and Intensity of the Most Extreme Wildfires on Earth","volume":"8","author":"Cunningham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6390","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61608-1","article-title":"Climate Change Has Increased the Odds of Extreme Regional Forest Fire Years Globally","volume":"16","author":"Abatzoglou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. 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