{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T04:42:32Z","timestamp":1762058552986,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project Mar 2020 TECPESCAS","award":["16-01-04-FMP-0010\u2013IPMA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-01-04-FMP-0010\u2013IPMA"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04326\/2020","LA\/P\/0101\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/137818\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04326\/2020","LA\/P\/0101\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/137818\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fishes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the multi-gear coastal fleet in the Algarve (South Portugal), fishers own licenses for various fishing gears. However, they generally do not use all these licenses, and therefore, it is difficult to estimate the impacts this fleet has on the local environment. In this study, two types of questionnaires were used directed to the local fishers from the multi-gear fleet during interviews carried out between November 2019 and July 2021 with the objective to validate the m\u00e9tiers proposed for this fleet in a previous study using multivariate analysis on past landing profiles. A total of 10 out of the 11 proposed m\u00e9tiers were validated, including four m\u00e9tiers with gillnets, three with dredges, two with trammel nets, and one with traps. Additional m\u00e9tiers were identified not found in the previous study. The results obtained with the two types of questionnaires are presented, and their usefulness in validating the gear used and the seasonality of fishing activities are discussed, as well as their contribution to a clearer distinction between target species and commercial by-catch.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes7040174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T05:37:53Z","timestamp":1658209073000},"page":"174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fishers, Let Us Talk: Validating M\u00e9tiers in a Multi-Gear Coastal Fishing Fleet"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8243-7307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika J.","family":"Szynaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CCMAR, Center of Marine Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"FCT, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCMAR, Center of Marine Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"FCT, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Anjos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCMAR, Center of Marine Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Erzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCMAR, Center of Marine Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"FCT, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7704-8190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge M. S.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCMAR, Center of Marine Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"FCT, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCMAR, Center of Marine Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"IPMA, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere I.P., Avenida Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Alg\u00e9s, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"ICES (2017). Report of the Working Group on Mixed Fisheries Advice (WGMIXFISH-ADVICE), 22\u201326 May 2017, Copenhagen, Denmark, ICES. ICES CM 2017\/ACOM:18."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2022, January 01). Regulation (EU) 2017\/1004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2017 on the Establishment of a Union Framework for the Collection, Management and Use of Data in the Fisheries Sector and Support for Scientific Advice Regarding the Common Fisheries Policy and Repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 199\/2008 {2017\/1004\/EC} {2017\/1004\/EC}. Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32017R1004."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsr197","article-title":"Regional m\u00e9tier definition: A comparative investigation of statistical methods using a workflow applied to international otter trawl fisheries in the North Sea","volume":"69","author":"Deporte","year":"2012","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szynaka, M.J., Erzini, K., Gon\u00e7alves, J.M.S., and Campos, A. (2021). Identifying M\u00e9tiers Using Landings Profiles: An Octopus-Driven Multi-Gear Coastal Fleet. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse9091022"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsn044","article-title":"A comparative analysis of m\u00e9tiers and catch profiles for some French demersal and pelagic fleets","volume":"65","author":"Marchal","year":"2008","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2009.11.011","article-title":"Identification of m\u00e9tiers of the Northern Spanish coastal bottom pair trawl fleet by using the partitioning method CLARA","volume":"102","author":"Castro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fish. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2010.10.013","article-title":"Identification of m\u00e9tiers of the Spanish set-longline fleet operating in non-Spanish European waters","volume":"107","author":"Castro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fish. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2017.07.001","article-title":"Combining sale records of landings and fishers knowledge for predicting m\u00e9tiers in a small-scale, multi-gear, multispecies fishery","volume":"195","author":"Palmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fish. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2020.03.012","article-title":"Adaptive capacity and coping strategies of small-scale coastal fisheries to declining fish catches: Insights from Tanzanian communities","volume":"108","author":"Silas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bender, M.G., Machado, G.R., Silva, P.J.D.A., Floeter, S.R., Monteiro-Netto, C., Luiz, O.J., and Ferreira, C.E. (2014). Local ecological knowledge and scientific data reveal overexploitation by multigear artisanal fisheries in the Southwestern Atlantic. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110332"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-020-01452-3","article-title":"Fishers\u2019 knowledge detects ecological decay in the Mediterranean Sea","volume":"50","author":"Veneroni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1051\/alr:2004015","article-title":"Skate and ray species composition in mainland Portugal from the commercial landings","volume":"17","author":"Machado","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aquat. Living Resour."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3989\/scimar.2007.71n2405","article-title":"Interactions between small cetaceans and the purse-seine fishery in western Portuguese waters","volume":"71","author":"Wise","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. Mar."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"51","article-title":"Seabird bycatch in Portuguese mainland coastal fisheries: An assessment through on-board observations and fishers interviews","volume":"3","author":"Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2016.04.008","article-title":"Trends in landings and vulnerability to climate change in different fleet components in the Portuguese coast","volume":"181","author":"Gamito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fish. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/aqc.2481","article-title":"Cetacean occurrence, habitat preferences and potential for cetacean\u2013fishery interactions in Iberian Atlantic waters: Results from cooperative research involving local stakeholders","volume":"25","author":"Goetz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-017-0154-y","article-title":"Evaluating fishers\u2019s conservation attitudes and local ecological knowledge of the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus), Peniche, Portugal","volume":"13","author":"Braga","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2018.03.027","article-title":"Ready for co-management? Portuguese artisanal octopus fishers\u2019 preferences for management and knowledge about the resource","volume":"101","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. Policy"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"ICES (2012). ICES Implementation of Advice for Data-Limited Stocks in 2012 in its 2012 Advice, ICES. ICES CM 2012\/ACOM 68."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"295","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of M\u00e9tiers in Multi-Species Artisanal Fisheries. A Case Study in Northwest Spain","volume":"7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"101419","article-title":"Identification and characterization of trammel net m\u00e9tiers: A case study from the southwestern Sicily (Central Mediterranean)","volume":"39","author":"Falsone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1051\/alr\/2011131","article-title":"Fishing tactics dynamics of a Mediterranean small-scale coastal fishery","volume":"24","author":"Maynou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquat. Living Resour."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2006.07.007","article-title":"Identifying and classifying small-scale fisheries m\u00e9tiers in the Mediterranean: A case study in the Patraikos Gulf, Greece","volume":"81","author":"Tzanatos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fish. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1577\/M09-101.1","article-title":"Dynamics of fishing gear and spatial allocation of fishing effort in a multispecies fleet","volume":"30","author":"Monroy","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Am. J. Fish. Manag."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Roditi, K., Halkos, G., Matsiori, S., and Vafidis, D. (2018). Small-Scale Fishery of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: A Case Study in the Kalymnos Island, Greece, University Library of Munich. MPRA Paper 84506."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2013.08.005","article-title":"Essential habitats for pre-recruit Octopus vulgaris along the Portuguese coast","volume":"152","author":"Moreno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17034-3_7","article-title":"The Traditional Small-Scale Octopus Fishery in Portugal: Framing its Governability","volume":"Volume 13","author":"Jentoft","year":"2015","journal-title":"Interactive Governance for Small-Scale Fisheries"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Sonderblohm, C., Guimar\u00e3es, H., Rainha, R., Gon\u00e7alves, J.M.S., Pereira, J., Gaspar, M., Erzini, K., and Rangel, M. (2016). Livro Verde Sobre a Pesca do Polvo no Algarve, Universidade do Algarve GOBIUS Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e Ci\u00eancia; Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar (CCMAR). Programa PROMAR\u2014Direc\u00e7\u00e3o Regional de Agricultura e Pescas do Algarve (DRAP Algarve)."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2016.11.004","article-title":"Participatory assessment of management measures for octopus vulgaris pot and trap fishery from southern Portugal","volume":"75","author":"Sonderblohm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Policy"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-7836(01)00256-9","article-title":"The hake deepwater semi-pelagic (\u201cpedra-bola\u201d) longline fishery in the Algarve (southern Portugal)","volume":"51","author":"Erzini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fish. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"313","article-title":"Catch composition, catch rates and size selectivity of three long-line methods in the Algarve (southern Portugal)","volume":"15","author":"Erzini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bol. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2012.07.033","article-title":"Sustainability of deep-sea fish species under the European Union Common Fisheries Policy","volume":"70","author":"Villasante","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ocean Coast. Manag."}],"container-title":["Fishes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2410-3888\/7\/4\/174\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:53:34Z","timestamp":1760140414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2410-3888\/7\/4\/174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["fishes7040174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fishes7040174","relation":{},"ISSN":["2410-3888"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2410-3888"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]}}}