{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T11:18:40Z","timestamp":1770463120290,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"Ocean3R project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORT-01-0145-FEDER-000064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORT-01-0145-FEDER-000064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"Ocean3R project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORT2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORT2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"North Portugal Regional Operational Program","award":["NORT-01-0145-FEDER-000064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORT-01-0145-FEDER-000064"]}]},{"name":"North Portugal Regional Operational Program","award":["NORT2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORT2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fishes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid, commercially available as a feed-grade product, and is a precursor to serotonin and melatonin, which are both important molecules in stress mitigation. Meagre have a high potential for marine aquaculture diversification but are highly susceptible to stressful conditions. This study aimed to assess the potential role of dietary tryptophan supplementation in meagre juveniles in order to minimize the deleterious effect of potential stress conditions. For this, a growth trial was performed wherein meagre juveniles were fed four isoproteic (45%DM) and isolipidic (16%DM) diets; namely, a control diet, and three diets similar to the control diet but supplemented with varying levels of tryptophan, graded according to the resulting percentage in each diet\u2019s dry matter (Control, 0.25%Trp, 0.5%Trp, and 1%Trp), corresponding to a total dietary tryptophan of 1.06, 1.70, 2.08, and 3.24 g 16 g\u22121 N, respectively. Diets were tested in triplicate, and fish were fed twice a day, six days a week, for eight weeks. Five days after the end of the growth trial, a time-course blood sampling was performed at 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h after feeding. At the 6 h sampling point, the liver was also collected. Overall, our results indicate that 1Trp supplementation (total dietary Trp 3.24 g 16 g\u22121 N) may be harmful to fish, decreasing growth performance and feed utilization, although doses up to 0.5Trp do not influence these parameters. Voluntary feed intake lineally decreased with the increase in the level of dietary Trp. Whole-body lipid content decreased at the highest tryptophan inclusion, whereas no changes were observed in protein levels. After 12 h from feeding, plasma glucose levels were lower in all dietary treatments supplemented with tryptophan compared to those observed in the control. Hepatic enzyme activity of protein catabolism decreased with dietary Trp inclusion. Overall, our results suggested that while a dietary Trp level increase of up to 2.08 g 16 g\u22121 N did not affect growth performance and feed efficiency, both these parameters were severely compromised with a Trp level of 3.24 g 16 g\u22121 N.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes8030141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T02:28:09Z","timestamp":1677551289000},"page":"141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Dietary Tryptophan Supplementation Implications on Performance, Plasma Metabolites, and Amino Acid Catabolism Enzymes in Meagre (Argyrosomus regius)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3395-273X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edif\u00edcio FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Pedrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edif\u00edcio FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FLATLANTIC\u2013Atividades Pisc\u00edcolas, S.A., Rua do Aceiro s\/n, 3070-732 Praia de Mira, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9460-6369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edif\u00edcio FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5730-836X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aires","family":"Oliva-Teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edif\u00edcio FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2568-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edif\u00edcio FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9971-8623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amalia","family":"P\u00e9rez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s\/n, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00785","article-title":"Essential Oils as Stress-Reducing Agents for Fish Aquaculture: A Review","volume":"10","author":"Souza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2006.09.001","article-title":"Fish welfare: Current issues in aquaculture","volume":"104","author":"Ashley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Silvera, D., Herrera, M., Gir\u00e1ldez, I., and Esteban, M.A. (2018). 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