{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T11:33:05Z","timestamp":1772451185996,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ICCAT Small Tunas Year Program (SMTYP)","award":["S12.819116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S12.819116"]}]},{"name":"European Union through the EU Grant Agreement","award":["S12.819116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S12.819116"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fishes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The shape of sagitta otoliths was used to compare individuals of little tunny (Euthynnus alleteratus) harvested on board commercial fishing vessels from the coastal areas along the Eastern Atlantic, including the Mediterranean Sea. Fish sampling and selection was designed to cover possible seasonal changes and tuna size. The research encompassed both morphometric and shape analyses of left sagittal otoliths extracted of 504 fish specimens. Four shape indices (Circularity, Roundness, Rectangularity, and Form-Factor) were significantly different between two groups, showing a statistical differentiation between two clear spatial units. The degree of divergence was even more pronounced along the rostrum, postrostrum, and excisura of the generated otolith outlines between these two groups. One group corresponds to the samples from the coastal areas in the Northeast Temperate Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea (NETAM Area) and a second group from the coastal areas off the Eastern Tropical Atlantic coast of Africa (ETA Area). This study is the first to use otolith shape to differentiate tunas from separate spatial units. These results could be used to re-classify previously collected samples and to correct time series of data collected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes8060317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T02:02:20Z","timestamp":1686880940000},"page":"317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Differentiation of Spatial Units of Genus Euthynnus from the Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Using Otolith Shape Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Lechuga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), Avenida 5 de Outubro s\/n, 8700-305 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of C\u00e1diz, 11510 Puerto Real, C\u00e1diz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Fambaye Ngom","family":"Sow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oceanographic Research Center of Dakar Thiaroye\u2014CRODT\/ISRA, LNERV\u2014Route du Front de Terre, Dakar BP 2241, Senegal"}]},{"given":"Diaha N\u2019Guessan","family":"Constance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Oceanology Research, 29 Rue des P\u00eacheurs\u2014BP V-18, Abidjan 01, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}]},{"given":"Davy","family":"Angueko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Libreville BP 9498, Estuaire, Gabon"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mac\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Oceanographic Center of M\u00e1laga, Puerto Pesquero s\/n, 29460 Fuengirola, M\u00e1laga, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Massa-Gallucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AquaBioTech Group Central Complex, Naggar Street, Targa Gap, MST 1761 Mosta, Malta"},{"name":"Blue EcoTech Ltd., 55 Gardenia Independence Street, ZBG 02666 Zebbug, Malta"}]},{"given":"Guelson Batista","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Department, University Federal Rural of Semi\u00e1rido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572\u2014Bairro Pres. Costa e Silva, Mossor\u00f3 CEP 59.625-900, RN, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7704-8190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge M. S.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCMAR\u2014Centre of Marine Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0214-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro G.","family":"Lino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), Avenida 5 de Outubro s\/n, 8700-305 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2021.106131","article-title":"Population Structure of European Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the Greater North Sea Ecoregion Revealed by Otolith Shape Analysis","volume":"245","author":"Saltalamacchia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fish. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cadrin, S.X., Karr, L.A., and Mariani, S. (2014). 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