{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:59:07Z","timestamp":1775069947157,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fluids"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study focuses on the preparation, thermophysical and rheological characterization of phase change material nanoemulsions as latent functionally thermal fluids. Aqueous dispersions with fine droplets of cetyl alcohol (with a melting temperature at ~321 K) were prepared by means of a solvent-assisted method, combining ultrasonication with non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers. Eicosyl alcohol (melting at ~337 K) and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles were tested as nucleating agents. Droplet size studies through time and after freeze\u2013thaw cycles confirmed the good stability of formulated nanoemulsions. Phase change analyses proved the effectiveness of eicosyl alcohol to reduce subcooling to a few Kelvin. Although phase change material emulsions exhibited thermal conductivities much larger than bulk cetyl alcohol (at least 60% higher when droplets are solid), reductions in this property reached 15% when compared to water. Samples mainly showed desirable Newtonian behavior (or slight shear thinning viscosities) and modifications in density around melting transition were lower than 1.2%. In the case of phase change material nanoemulsions with 8 wt.% content of dispersed phase, enhancements in the energy storage capacity overcome 20% (considering an operational temperature interval of 10 K around solid\u2013liquid phase change). Formulated dispersions also showed good thermal reliability throughout 200 solidification\u2013melting cycles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fluids7010011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T08:12:15Z","timestamp":1640765535000},"page":"11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Development and Thermophysical Profile of Cetyl Alcohol-in-Water Nanoemulsions for Thermal Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2605-3664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Cabaleiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3ns Biom\u00e9dicas (CINBIO), Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9447-5626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Losada-Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica-F\u00edsica, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5954-449X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Agresti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR ICMATE, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9298-3889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Hermida-Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3ns Biom\u00e9dicas (CINBIO), Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8459-0700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Fedele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR ITC, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6882-2789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Lugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3ns Biom\u00e9dicas (CINBIO), Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6324-0859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Barison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR ICMATE, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3955-3564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel M.","family":"Pi\u00f1eiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3ns Biom\u00e9dicas (CINBIO), Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10640-020-00516-y","article-title":"Twenty key challenges in environmental and resource economics","volume":"77","author":"Bretschger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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