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These benefits have been associated with the presence of secondary metabolites, namely polyphenols, glucosinolates, carotenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, vitamins, and fibres, among others, derived from their antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, cardioprotective, and vasodilator properties. Polyphenols as one of the most abundant classes of bioactive compounds present in plant-based foods emerge as a promising approach for the development of efficacious preventive agents against NCDs with reduced side effects. The aim of this review is to present comprehensive and deep insights into the potential of polyphenols, from their chemical structure classification and biosynthesis to preventive effects on NCDs, namely cancer, CVDs, and NDDS. The challenge of polyphenols bioavailability and bioaccessibility will be explored in addition to useful industrial and environmental applications. Advanced and emerging extraction techniques will be highlighted and the high-resolution analytical techniques used for FBCs characterization, identification, and quantification will be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10010037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T22:56:45Z","timestamp":1608850605000},"page":"37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":186,"title":["Food Bioactive Compounds and Emerging Techniques for Their Extraction: Polyphenols as a Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1965-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 S.","family":"C\u00e2mara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2014Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Campus Universit\u00e1rio da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e da Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universit\u00e1rio da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4109-7921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca R.","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\u2014Science Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira N\u00b0 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joselin","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2014Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Campus Universit\u00e1rio da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0269-4344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00fabia C. G.","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Program of Master in Clean Technologies, Cesumar Institute of Science Technology and Innovation (ICETI), Cesumar University\u2014UniCesumar, Parana 87050-390, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1265-6686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o L.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2014Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Campus Universit\u00e1rio da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4533-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Granato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0316-5348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A. M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2014Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Campus Universit\u00e1rio da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9050-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lillian","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4910-4882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel C. F. 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