{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T23:53:19Z","timestamp":1768434799440,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04469\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04469\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013276","name":"Interreg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["REDVALUE, SOE1\/P1\/E0123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["REDVALUE, SOE1\/P1\/E0123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009410","name":"Universitat de Lleida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UdL-Impuls"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UdL-Impuls"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polyphenolic extracts from pine bark have reported different biological actions and promising beneficial effects on human health. However, its susceptibility to environmental stresses (temperature, storage, etc.) and physiological human conditions prequires the development of efficient protection mechanisms to allow effective delivering of functionality. The aim of this work was to encapsulate pine bark extract rich phenolic compounds by spray-drying using maltodextrin, and understand the influence of encapsulation on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds during gastrointestinal digestion. The optimized process conditions allowed good encapsulation efficiency of antioxidant phenolic compounds. The microencapsulation was effective in protecting those compounds during gastrointestinal conditions, controlling their delivery and enhancing its health benefits, decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species implicated in the process of oxidative stress associated with some pathologies. Finally, this encapsulation system was able to protect these extracts against acidic matrices, making the system suitable for the nutritional enrichment of fermented foods or fruit-based beverages, providing them antimicrobial protection, because the encapsulated extract was effective against Listeria innocua. Overall, the designed system allowed protecting and appropriately delivering the active compounds, and may find potential application as a natural preservative and\/or antioxidant in food formulations or as bioactive ingredient with controlled delivery in pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10020328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T12:02:10Z","timestamp":1612440130000},"page":"328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Encapsulated Pine Bark Polyphenolic Extract during Gastrointestinal Digestion: Bioaccessibility, Bioactivity and Oxidative Stress Prevention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9427-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Ferreira-Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5559-0912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Ibarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrotecnio Center, Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7347-8353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8223-3742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8221-419X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4687-0266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina M. R.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4918-3704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7027-6972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Mart\u00edn-Belloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrotecnio Center, Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mannino, G., Di Stefano, V., Lauria, A., Pitonzo, R., and Gentile, C. (2020). 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