{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T20:33:37Z","timestamp":1774038817970,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Food fraud is a growing problem and happens in many ways including mislabelling. Since lack of consumers\u2019 knowledge about mandatory food labeling information and different types of food fraud may impact public health, the present work assesses consumers\u2019 knowledge about these issues. Principal component analysis was performed to obtain a smaller number of uncorrelated factors regarding the usefulness and confidence of information displayed in food labels and the perception of food fraud. Results indicated that information displayed in food labels is useful, however the way it is presented may decrease consumer interest and understanding. Regarding respondents\u2019 confidence in foodstuffs, over half of them stated that information provided in food labels is reliable. However, a lack of confidence about food composition is observed in those processed foodstuffs such as meat products. Food fraud is recognized by more than half of respondents with a higher perception of those practices that imply a risk to public health than those related to economic motivation. Age and education of consumers influenced the perception of the information displayed in the food labels, their confidence and knowledge about food fraud. Implementation of education programs to increase consumer knowledge about food labelling and fraud is essential. Respondents\u2019 perception results could be use as guidelines by the food industry to improve food label design in order to enhance consumer understanding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10051095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T23:17:16Z","timestamp":1621207036000},"page":"1095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Consumer Knowledge about Food Labeling and Fraud"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6930-0728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Garc\u00eda-D\u00edez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3810-5943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M. M. M.","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta do Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CAP\/INESC TEC, Technology and Science and FCUP, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1657-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.08.014","article-title":"Food safety for food security: Relationship between global megatrends and developments in food safety","volume":"68","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. 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