{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:40:02Z","timestamp":1766158802041,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Cooperation Agency in Mozambique","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04750\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04750\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim was to characterise the extent of processing and nutritional composition of the street foods offered in Maputo, Mozambique. A cross-sectional study was conducted in October\u2013November 2014 in the urban district of KaMpfumu. Twenty public transport stops were randomly selected, around which 500 meters buffers were drawn. All streets within these buffers were canvassed to identify all street food vending sites. Street food offer was assessed through interviews. Nutritional composition was estimated using standardised recipes (for homemade foods), food labels (for industrial products) and food composition tables (for in natura foods). The processing extent was classified using the \u201cNOVA\u201d food classification. A total of 810 vending sites were assessed. Unprocessed\/minimally processed foods were available at 70.5% of vending sites (mainly fruit, water, and tea) and ultra-processed foods at 59.0% (mostly cakes, cookies, confectionery, and soft drinks). Energy content per 100 g of unprocessed or minimally processed foods was significantly lower than in all other food groups. In all food groups, contribution to total energy value was highest for carbohydrates (range: 33.1\u201351.2%), followed by fats (range: 29.3\u201336.0%) and protein (range: 6.8\u201318.6%). Public health policies targeting the improvement of this urban food environment should consider not only the nutritional composition but also the processing extent of the foods and beverages available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T22:06:16Z","timestamp":1635113176000},"page":"2561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Street Food in Maputo, Mozambique: The Coexistence of Minimally Processed and Ultra-Processed Foods in a Country under Nutrition Transition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8389-1758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Gelormini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ag\u00eancia Italiana para a Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento, Rua Dami\u00e3o de G\u00f3is 381, 1100 Maputo, Mozambique"}]},{"given":"Albertino","family":"Damasceno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Avenida Salvador Allende 702, 1100 Maputo, Mozambique"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sim\u00e3o A.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Matem\u00e1tica e Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Av. Julius Nyerere 3453, 1100 Maputo, Mozambique"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Mal\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Av. Julius Nyerere 3453, 1100 Maputo, Mozambique"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Chongole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Av. Julius Nyerere 3453, 1100 Maputo, Mozambique"}]},{"given":"Paulino","family":"Muholove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Av. Julius Nyerere 3453, 1100 Maputo, Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7035-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Atividade F\u00edsica, Sa\u00fade e Lazer, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1870-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Lunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6310-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Padr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.2.289","article-title":"Global nutrition dynamics: The world is shifting rapidly toward a diet linked with noncommunicable diseases","volume":"84","author":"Popkin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. 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