{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:40:09Z","timestamp":1766158809308,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/591370-0; 2017\/698514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/591370-0; 2017\/698514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04750\/2020; SFRH\/BD\/130650\/2017; SFRH\/BD\/118630\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04750\/2020; SFRH\/BD\/130650\/2017; SFRH\/BD\/118630\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Street food (SF) and takeaway food (TAF) are important sources of out-of-home meals in urban Bosnia and Herzegovina, where diet-related non-communicable diseases are growing rapidly. This study aimed to characterise SF and TAF purchased in urban areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, regarding customers\u2019 characteristics and the nutritional composition of the foods and beverages. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sarajevo and Banja Luka in 2017. SF (n = 194) and TAF vending sites (n = 154) were selected through random and systematic sampling. Data on the food items purchased and customers\u2019 characteristics were collected by direct observation. Nutritional composition was estimated using data from chemical analyses of the foods most commonly available. Two-thirds of the customers observed (n = 755) were aged \u226535 years, half were women and 27.7% were overweight\/obese. A total of 929 food items were purchased. The most commonly bought SFs were confectionery (30.5%), water (27.9%) and soft drinks\/juices (22.2%). TAF customers purchased mostly savoury pastries (39.8%), breads (27.1%) and main dishes (21.4%). Almost half of customers purchased industrial food (i.e., pre-packaged foods and beverages produced by the food industry). The purchases presented median contents of 18.7 g of fat (39.6% saturated, 32.3% monounsaturated, 22.1% polyunsaturated, 1.5% trans), 838 mg of sodium and 285 mg of potassium. Saturated-fat contribution was higher in SF purchases (60.4% vs. 30.2%, p &lt; 0.001), whereas TAF purchases presented higher trans-fat proportion (1.8% vs. 0.6%, p &lt; 0.001), sodium (1241 vs. 89 mg, p &lt; 0.001) and sodium-potassium ratio (6.1 vs. 0.6, p &lt; 0.001). Generally, SF and TAF bought in Sarajevo and Banja Luka were rich in saturated and trans fatty-acids and sodium, and poor in potassium. Nutrition policies promoting use of healthier fats and salt reduction in SF and TAF may contribute to the prevention of diet-related diseases in these settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T22:00:23Z","timestamp":1635372023000},"page":"2594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Nutritional Content of Street Food and Takeaway Food Purchased in Urban Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8389-1758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas Lan\u00e7a","family":"de Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0212-6868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Gelormini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7836-1100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o e Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Filipovi\u0107-Had\u017eiomeragi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tahtali Sokak 17, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}]},{"given":"Dragana","family":"Stojisavljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute of the Republika Srpska, Jovana Du\u010di\u0107a 1, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Banja Luka, 14 Save Mrkalja, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0925-494X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albertino","family":"Damasceno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica e Forenses e Educa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Avenida Salvador Allende 702, Maputo 1100, Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7035-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Atividade F\u00edsica, Sa\u00fade e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8177-4926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Breda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Regional Office for Europe, 10675 Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1870-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Lunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica e Forenses e Educa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6310-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Padr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit-Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, January 22). 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